Table 3.
Effect | Bivariate modela OR (95% CI) | Multivariate additive model,a OR (95% CI) | Interactive survival modelb OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Death of parent
|
2.0 (0.4-9.7)
|
1.8 (0.4-8.6)
|
2.4 (0.4-13.1)
|
Other parental loss
|
0.7 (0.2-2.7)
|
0.5 (0.1-2.3)
|
1.0 (0.2-6.40)
|
Parental mental health or substance use disorder
|
10.9 (1.9-63.0)*
|
9.8 (2.1-45.1)*
|
5.4 (0.8-35.5)
|
Family violence
|
0.7 (0.3-1.7)
|
0.6 (0.2-1.8)
|
0.4 (0.1-1.7)
|
Neglect/abuse
|
3.0 (0.8-11.7)
|
2.5 (0.8-7.4)
|
1.5 (0.5-5.0)
|
Other adversity | 0.3 (0.1-0.6) | 0.3 (0.1-0.6) | 0.5 (0.2-1.4) |
OR, odds ratio.
*P < 0.05, two-sided test.
a. Six separate bivariate models were estimated; one for each adverse childhood experience. The multivariate additive model included a separate dummy variable predictor for each of the six adversities in a single prediction equation.
b. Based on discrete-time survival models with person-year as the unit of analysis pooled across the different DSM—IV disorders, controlling for age-at-interview, gender and person-year. Included all the predictors in the additive model plus a series of three dummy predictor variables for the number of adverse childhood experiences experienced by the respondent (exactly two, three or more than three).