Table 5.

Lines of greatest developmental variance and least integration during early ontogeny (1–16 days post-hatch) of beak morphology during 16 generations following population establishment in northwestern Montana, USA. Shown are eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the negative inverse matrix of ontogenetic allometry (L⁻¹) with the effects of sex removed in general linear model. Data on ontogenetic covariance structure were not available for generations 17–19.

	generations
	5 (n = 43)		6 (n =148)		7 (n = 215)		8 (n = 113)		9 (n = 82)		10 (n = 229)		11 (n = 196)
	l1	l2	l1	l2	l1	l2	l1	l2	l1	l2	l1	l2	l1	l2
BL	0.79	−0.15	0.72	0.16	−0.65	−0.45	0.69	−0.22	0.30	0.77	0.67	−0.44	0.68	−0.45
BD	−0.67	−0.29	0.02	−0.98	0.73	−0.16	−0.70	−0.49	−0.80	−0.12	−0.73	−0.30	−0.73	−0.34
BW	−0.13	0.87	−0.70	0.13	−0.19	0.89	0.07	0.85	0.52	−0.63	0.08	0.85	0.06	0.83
λ	2.77	1.74	2.68	1.16	2.61	1.26	2.53	1.79	2.77	2.30	2.40	1.58	2.89	2.16
	12 (n = 172)		13 (n = 204)		14 (n = 158)		15 (n = 174)		16 (n = 74)		overall (n = 1808)
BL	−0.56	−0.59	0.81	−0.04	0.70	−0.45	0.76	0.37	0.74	−0.21	0.69	−0.43
BD	−0.24	−0.79	−0.45	−0.68	−0.72	−0.40	−0.64	0.52	−0.57	0.43	−0.72	0.38
BW	0.79	0.18	0.38	0.73	0.02	0.82	−0.06	0.86	−0.09	0.81	0.12	0.81
λ	3.18	2.87	3.75	2.73	3.52	1.92	2.74	1.84	2.24	1.54	2.52	2.08