Table 1.
Percent Removal of commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents during hemodialysis
| Agent | Percent Removal |
|---|---|
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | |
| Benazepril | <30% |
| Enalapril | 35% |
| Fosinopril | 2% |
| Lisinopril | 50% |
| Ramipril | <30% |
| Beta-Blockers | |
| Atenolol | 75% |
| Carvedilol | None |
| Labetalol | <1 |
| Metoprolol | High |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | |
| Losartan | None |
| Candesartan | None |
| Eprosartan | None |
| Telmisartan | None |
| Valsartan | None |
| Irbesartan | None |
| Calcium channel blockers | |
| Amlodipine | None |
| Diltiazem | <30% |
| Nifedipine | Low |
| Nicardipine | ? |
| Felodipine | No |
| Verapamil | Low |
| Other | |
| Clonidine | 5% |
| Hydralazine | None |
| Minoxidil | Yes |
Source: National Kidney Foundation's K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients (29)