Table 5.
Rate ratio of coronary artery disease
| Rate ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases occurring in the first year of follow-up and their controls | Cases occurring after 1 year's follow-up and their controls | |||
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Antihypertensive adherence (%)‡ | ||||
| <80 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥80 | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.95) |
| Sex (male vs. female)† | 1.31 (1.24, 1.39) | 1.28 (1.20, 1.36) | 1.33 (1.27, 1.40) | 1.33 (1.26, 1.40) |
| Social assistance† (yes vs. no)† | 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | 1.29 (1.18, 1.40) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.21) |
| Monotherapy of diuretics or BBs | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Monotherapy of ACEIs | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.01) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) |
| Monotherapy of CCBs | 1.18 (1.08, 1.28) | 1.11 (1.01, 1.21) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.13) |
| Monotherapy of ARBs | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) |
| Bitherapy | 1.52 (1.41, 1.64) | 1.35 (1.25, 1.46) | 1.24 (1.18, 1.31) | 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) |
| Tritherapy | 2.49 (2.01, 3.07) | 1.80 (1.43, 2.26) | 1.58 (1.42, 1.75) | 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) |
| Having cerebrovascular disease during follow-up§ | 3.72 (3.01, 4.60) | 4.79 (3.85, 5.95) | 1.99 (1.75, 2.26) | 2.81 (2.46, 3.20) |
| Having chronic heart failure during follow-up¶ | 5.21 (4.10, 6.62) | 6.45 (5.04, 8.25) | 2.50 (2.18, 2.86) | 3.61 (3.13, 4.16) |
| Having peripheral artery disease during follow-up†† | 3.62 (2.84, 4.62) | 4.65 (3.63, 5.96) | 2.05 (1.78, 2.37) | 2.99 (2.58, 3.47) |
| Having another CVD condition during follow-up‡‡ | 6.38 (5.75, 7.07) | 7.60 (6.83, 8.45) | 2.71 (2.54, 2.91) | 3.62 (3.37, 3.89) |
| Having ≥2 CVD events | 11.95 (9.78, 14.61) | 14.22 (11.56, 17.51) | 4.68 (4.27, 5.13) | 5.97 (5.41, 6.58) |
| No diabetes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Diabetes diagnosed and nontreated§§ | 1.22 (1.05, 1.42) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.29) | 1.23 (1.16, 1.35) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) |
| Newly treated for diabetes mellitus§§ | 1.35 (1.15, 1.58) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 1.29 (1.06, 1.57) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.23) |
| Antidiabetic agent adherence <80%§§¶¶ | 1.49 (1.16, 1.92) | 1.24 (0.95, 1.63) | 1.51 (1.31, 1.74) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.34) |
| Antidiabetic agent adherence ≥80%§§¶¶ | 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.21) | 1.30 (1.19, 1.42) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) |
| No dyslipidaemia | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Dyslipidaemia diagnosed and nontreated§§ | 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.27) |
| Newly treated for dyslipidaemia§§ | 1.73 (1.59, 1.88) | 1.40 (1.28, 1.54) | 1.90 (1.73, 2.09) | 1.56 (1.41, 1.72) |
| Lipid-lowering agent adherence <80%§§¶¶ | 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) | 1.46 (1.34, 1.59) | 1.24 (1.14, 1.36) |
| Lipid-lowering agent adherence ≥80%§§¶¶ | 0.99 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.08) | 1.19 (1.12, 1.27) | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
| Respiratory diseases (yes vs. no)§§ | 1.56 (1.44, 1.69) | 1.38 (1.27, 1.51) | 1.55 (1.46, 1.64) | 1.30 (1.22, 1.38) |
| Antidepressant drugs (yes vs. no)§§ | 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) | 1.35 (1.26, 1.44) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) |
| Anxiolytic drugs (yes vs. no)§§ | 1.21 (1.13, 1.28) | 1.18 (1.10, 1.26) | 1.28 (1.22, 1.35) | 1.18 (1.12, 1.25) |
| Chronic disease score (≥4 vs. <4) | 1.39 (1.26, 1.53) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) | 1.52 (1.42, 1.63) | 1.19 (1.10, 1.28) |
The model was adjusted for all those covariables described in Table 3.
At treatment initiation.
Proportion of days covered (%).
Diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (ICD-9 codes 430-438) or medical procedures.
Diagnosis of chronic heart failure (ICD-9 codes 398.91, 402.01, 402.11, 402.91, 428.0, 428.1 and 428.9) or a prescription of furosemide alone or with digoxin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, spironolactone or b-blockers.
Diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis (ICD-9 codes 440-447, medical procedure of noncoronary angioplasty, or use of pentoxifylline).
Diagnosis of other cardiovascular disease: arrhythmia: diagnosis (ICD-9 code 427), a medical procedure using a pacemaker and the use of drugs for cardiac arrhythmias (amiodarone, digoxin, quinidine, disopyramide, flecainamide, mexiletine, procainamide, propafenone, or sotalol); or valvular heart disease; or anticoagulants; other cardiopathy.
ICD-9 or pharmacological treatment.
Proportion of days covered (%) in the year before the index date. BBs, β-blockers; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; CVD, cardiovascular disease.