Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, cardiovascular past medical history, and co-morbid conditions for fee-for-service Medicare beneficiary discharges after heart failure hospitalization, stratified by year.
| Overall | Year | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | |||
| No. of Discharges (%) | 1,616,780 | 570,996 (35.3) | 544,550 (33.7) | 501,234 (31.0) | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age: mean (SD) | 80.1 (7.9) | 79.9 (7.8) | 80.0 (7.9) | 80.3 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 57.3 | 57.8 | 57.1 | 56.9 | <0.001 |
|
Cardiovascular Past Medical History, % |
|||||
| History of CABG Surgery | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Heart Failure (CC 80) | 74.1 | 74.0 | 74.4 | 74.0 | <0.001 |
| Acute coronary syndrome (CC 81, 82) | 19.6 | 20.4 | 19.5 | 18.8 | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmias (CC 92, 93) | 60.1 | 59.0 | 60.3 | 61.1 | <0.001 |
| Cardio-respiratory failure and shock (CC 79) |
17.3 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 18.0 | <0.001 |
| Valvular and rheumatic heart disease (CC 86) |
47.9 | 46.7 | 48.0 | 49.2 | <0.001 |
| Vascular or circulatory disease (CC 104–106) |
42.8 | 42.2 | 42.7 | 43.5 | <0.001 |
| Chronic atherosclerosis (CC 83, 84) | 72.8 | 72.9 | 72.9 | 72.4 | <0.001 |
| Other and unspecified heart disease (CC 94) |
18.6 | 18.4 | 18.6 | 18.8 | <0.001 |
| Co-morbid Condition, % | |||||
| Stroke (CC 95, 96) | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.3 | <0.001 |
| End-stage renal disease or dialysis (CC 129, 130) |
3.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Renal Failure (CC 131) | 28.9 | 25.5 | 27.6 | 34.2 | <0.001 |
| Nephritis (CC 132) | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.0 | <0.001 |
| Other urinary tract disorders (CC 136) |
36.0 | 37.6 | 37.8 | 32.2 | <0.001 |
| COPD (CC 108) | 44.8 | 44.7 | 44.8 | 45.0 | 0.001 |
| Asthma (CC 110) | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 0.98 |
| Pneumonia (CC 111–113) | 31.1 | 29.8 | 30.8 | 33.0 | <0.001 |
| Fibrosis of lung and other chronic lung disorders (CC 109) |
6.8 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 7.0 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes and diabetes mellitus complications (CC 15–20, 119, 120) |
49.2 | 48.9 | 49.3 | 49.5 | <0.001 |
| Liver and biliary disease (CC 25–30) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 0.01 |
| Peptic ulcer, hemorrhage, other specified GI disorders (CC 34) |
15.0 | 15.2 | 15.0 | 14.7 | <0.001 |
| Other GI disorders (CC 36) | 48.7 | 48.3 | 48.5 | 49.3 | <0.001 |
| Dementia and senility (CC 49, 50) | 15.8 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 16.5 | <0.001 |
| Depression (CC 58) | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 12.5 | <0.001 |
| Major psychiatric disorders (CC 54– 56) |
7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 0.003 |
| Other psychiatric disorders (CC 60) | 9.1 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Drug/alcohol abuse/ dependence/psychosis (CC 51–53) |
8.7 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Metastatic cancer and acute leukemia (CC 7) |
1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.06 |
| Cancer (nonmetastatic) (CC 8–12) | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 19.2 | <0.001 |
| Severe hematologic disorders (CC 44) | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Iron deficiency and other/ unspecified anemias and blood disease (CC 47) |
44.9 | 44.2 | 44.8 | 45.8 | <0.001 |
| Hemiplegia, paraplegia, paralysis, functional disability (CC 67–69, 100– 102, 177, 178) |
5.9 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Decubitus ulcer or chronic skin ulcer (CC 148, 149) |
12.0 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 12.2 | <0.001 |
| Protein-calorie malnutrition (CC 21) | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.1 | <0.001 |
| Disorders of fluid/electrolyte/ acid- base (CC 22–23) |
36.5 | 35.4 | 36.5 | 37.7 | <0.001 |
Note: SD=Standard Deviation; CC=Condition Category; CABG = Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GI=Gastrointestinal.