Figure 12.

Caspases are involved in HKBA- and L-Omp19–induced apoptosis. BALB/c astrocytes were treated with a general caspase inhibitor (CI; 50 μmol/L), two hours later cells were stimulated with DMEM, HKBA (1 × 10⁹ bacteria/ml), L-Omp19 (500 ng/ml), Pam₃Cys (50 ng/ml), TNF-α (5 ng/ml), or staurosporine (STS; 1 μmol/L). After 24 hours, apoptosis was determined using Annexin V/PI staining by flow cytometry. Data shown are from a representative experiment of five performed.