Fig. 1.

PQ treatment induced oxidative stress in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. (A) The viability of cells treated with 0, 1, or 5 mM PQ for 15 min, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h was estimated by trypan blue exclusion assay. (B) Plasma membrane damage of the cells treated with 0, 2, or 5 mM PQ for 15 min, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h was estimated by measuring LDH activity in the cell culture medium. Values shown are means ± SEM of three dishes, and expressed as relative values to cells without PQ treatment (PQ 0 mM). *, ^# Significantly different from cells without PQ treatment (p<0.05).