Table 3.
Wage Determination by Country and Birth Cohort: Selectivity-Corrected Fixed-Effects Estimates
| Variable | Germany, 1960–1964 | Germany, 1965–1969 | Britain, 1965–1969 | United States, 1955–1959 | United States, 1960–1964 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Children | −0.105** (0.020) |
−0.122** (0.023) |
0.006 (0.022) |
−0.008 (0.008) |
−0.030** (0.006) |
| Work Interruption (years) | 0.012 (0.018) |
−0.041 (0.021) |
−0.160** (0.037) |
−0.050 (0.026) |
−0.056** (0.018) |
| Work Interruption, Squared | −0.001 (0.001) |
0.003 (0.003) |
0.015** (0.004) |
0.031** (0.007) |
0.034** (0.005) |
| Number of Post-birth Employer Changes | 0.006 (0.035) |
0.084* (0.035) |
−0.052 (0.032) |
−0.034* (0.016) |
−0.022** (0.010) |
| Actual Labor Force Experience (years) | 0.067** (0.014) |
−0.026 (0.015) |
0.013 (0.020) |
0.070** (0.008) |
0.085** (0.006) |
| Actual Labor Force Experience, Squared | −0.002** (0.000) |
0.000 (0.000) |
0.000 (0.001) |
−0.000 (0.000) |
−0.002** (0.000) |
| Education (years) | 0.069** (0.009) |
0.044** (0.007) |
−0.014 (0.008) |
0.074** (0.005) |
0.065** (0.003) |
| Number of Employer Changes | 0.032 (0.020) |
0.166** (0.021) |
0.029 (0.017) |
0.044** (0.008) |
0.034** (0.006) |
| Number of Employer Changes, Squared | −0.001 (0.003) |
−0.019** (0.003) |
−0.002 (0.002) |
−0.001* (0.001) |
−0.001** (0.000) |
| Tenure (years) | 0.012** (0.004) |
0.028** (0.005) |
0.008 (0.006) |
0.052** (0.003) |
0.049** (0.003) |
| Tenure, Squared | −0.000 (0.000) |
−0.001** (0.000) |
−0.001 (0.000) |
−0.002** (0.000) |
−0.003** (0.000) |
| Part-time Job | 0.025 (0.062) |
−0.115 (0.077) |
−0.073 (0.088) |
−0.028 (0.030) |
0.082** (0.021) |
| Female Occupation | 0.022 (0.035) |
−0.090** (0.034) |
−0.127** (0.042) |
−0.264** (0.018) |
−0.233** (0.013) |
| Part-time Job × Female Occupation | −0.056 (0.053) |
0.096 (0.068) |
0.039 (0.076) |
−0.064 (0.035) |
−0.093** (0.025) |
| SIOPS Occupational Prestige Score | 0.006** (0.001) |
0.002* (0.001) |
0.003** (0.001) |
0.004** (0.000) |
0.004** (0.000) |
| Part-time Job × SIOPS Prestige | 0.001 (0.001) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.003* (0.001) |
0.001* (0.001) |
−0.001** (0.000) |
| Public Sector | 0.041 (0.022) |
−0.016 (0.021) |
−0.054* (0.027) |
0.056** (0.012) |
0.027** (0.010) |
| Part-time Job × Public Sector | 0.058 (0.030) |
0.121** (0.033) |
0.006 (0.036) |
−0.069** (0.022) |
−0.043** (0.016) |
| Self-employment | −0.064 (0.042) |
−0.109* (0.045) |
−0.721** (0.051) |
−0.349** (0.019) |
−0.462** (0.017) |
| Part-time Job × Self-employment | −0.059 (0.062) |
0.267** (0.079) |
0.313** (0.084) |
0.322** (0.029) |
0.420** (0.025) |
| Constant | 1.077* (0.424) |
−1.578** (0.441) |
−0.789 (0.765) |
0.620 (0.358) |
−0.542** (0.162) |
| λit | 0.095* (0.048) |
−0.058 (0.038) |
−0.040 (0.062) |
0.050 (0.030) |
0.150** (0.022) |
| vi | FE | FE | FE | FE | FE |
| Number of Observations | 4,865 | 4,609 | 4,276 | 21,991 | 37,101 |
| Number of Persons | 1,087 | 1,101 | 961 | 2,228 | 3,543 |
| R2 Within | .266 | .369 | .194 | .184 | .298 |
Notes: Figures are from log wage regressions for the female labor force only (model E of Table 2). Additional controls are age, age squared, and fixed effects for survey year. Selectivity-correction terms are identified from age of the youngest child in the household, marital status (never married, married, separated/divorced/widowed), and their interaction. Asymptotic standard errors are in parentheses.
Sources: GSOEP 1984–2001; BHPS 1991–2001; and NLSY 1979–1996.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01