Table 4.
Variable | Log WAI (1) |
Log PPVT (2) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
ME | t Statistic | ME | t Statistic | |
Basic Specification | ||||
Left-handed | −0.026 | −2.74 | 0.005 | 0.51 |
Mixed-handed | −0.083 | −6.04 | −0.023 | −1.55 |
Age 5 | 0.126 | 16.98 | 0.056 | 6.68 |
Male | −0.116 | −20.71 | −0.031 | −5.07 |
R2 | 0.141 | 0.017 | ||
Extended Specification | ||||
Left-handed | −0.023 | −2.52 | 0.005 | 0.55 |
Mixed-handed | −0.075 | −5.63 | −0.014 | −1.05 |
Age 5 | 0.127 | 17.62 | 0.057 | 7.54 |
Male | −0.119 | −21.68 | −0.034 | −5.97 |
Birth weight | 0.027 | 4.92 | 0.019 | 3.34 |
Intensive care when born | −0.016 | −1.83 | −0.002 | −0.20 |
Premature birth | −0.015 | −1.43 | −0.011 | −1.05 |
Multiple birth | −0.030 | −1.73 | −0.085 | −4.68 |
Older sibling in household | 0.011 | 1.36 | 0.003 | 0.31 |
Younger sibling in household | 0.025 | 3.19 | 0.017 | 2.17 |
Number of siblings | −0.024 | −6.25 | −0.033 | −8.35 |
Mother’s age | 0.002 | 2.78 | 0.003 | 5.36 |
Father’s age | 0.000 | 0.06 | 0.000 | 0.40 |
Mother has a degree | 0.023 | 3.39 | 0.043 | 6.09 |
Father has a degree | 0.037 | 5.01 | 0.027 | 3.50 |
Mother works full-time | 0.018 | 2.18 | −0.008 | −0.92 |
Father works full-time | 0.015 | 2.25 | 0.014 | 1.98 |
Single mother | 0.000 | −0.02 | −0.054 | −3.02 |
English is second language | 0.033 | 4.26 | −0.157 | −19.07 |
Income $400–$599 per week | −0.003 | −0.19 | 0.012 | 0.75 |
Income $600–$799 per week | −0.008 | −0.56 | 0.053 | 3.34 |
Income $800–$999 per week | −0.001 | −0.05 | 0.052 | 3.14 |
Income $1,000–$1,499 per week | 0.010 | 0.70 | 0.062 | 3.97 |
Income $1,500–$1,999 per week | 0.017 | 1.10 | 0.076 | 4.62 |
Income > $2,000 per week | 0.017 | 1.07 | 0.079 | 4.68 |
R2 | 0.201 | 0.194 | ||
Sample Size | 4,868 | 4,355 |
Notes: The omitted (base) categories are age 4, female, not in intensive care when born, not a premature birth, not part of a multiple birth, mother/father has less than a degree-level qualification, mother/father does not work full-time, both parents in household, English is first language, and household income is less than $400 per week. Each model also has controls for missing observations on household income, birth weight, and parental characteristics.