Table 1a.
Baseline characteristics by sleep duration for participants aged less than 40 years (mean and SD, unless noted)
| Overall | ≤ 5 h | 6 to 7 h | ≥ 8 h | P-Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 522 | 71 | 281 | 170 | |
| Age, years | 30.3 (6.0) | 31.9 (5.5) | 30.1 (5.7) | 29.9 (6.5) | 0.0177 |
| African American men, N (%) | 54 (10.3) | 16 (22.5) | 31 (11.0) | 7 (4.1) | <0.0001 |
| African American women, N (%) | 86 (16.5) | 19 (26.8) | 47 (16.7) | 20 (11.8) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic men, N (%) | 167 (32.0) | 21 (29.6) | 93 (33.1) | 53 (31.2) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic women, N (%) | 215 (41.2) | 15 (21.1) | 110 (39.2) | 90 (52.9) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| Baseline | 28.3 (6.5) | 29.7 (7.3) | 28.6 (6.3) | 27.2 (6.3) | 0.0278 |
| Follow-up | 29.7 (6.8) | 32.5 (7.9) | 29.5 (6.5) | 29.0 (6.6) | 0.0080 |
| Absolute change | 1.5 (3.0) | 2.8 (3.1) | 0.9 (2.9) | 1.8 (2.9) | <0.0001 |
| Percent change | 5.8 (10.6) | 9.9 (11.7) | 3.8 (9.6) | 7.4 (10.9) | <0.0001 |
| SAT, cm2 | |||||
| Baseline | 326 (175) | 346 (198 ) | 333 (176) | 306 (162) | 0.1860 |
| Follow-up | 367 (181) | 416 (219) | 362 (175)≥ | 356 (170) | 0.1111 |
| Absolute change | 41 (79) | 70 (80) | 29 (76) | 49 (77) | 0.0006 |
| Percent changev | 20 (35)v | 25 (31) | 16 (33) | 24 (38) | 0.0221 |
| VAT, cm2 | |||||
| Baseline | 81 (49) | 85 (53) | 82 (47) | 78 (49) | 0.3052 |
| Follow-up | 88 (50) | 102 (57) | 85 (48) | 87 (50) | 0.0450 |
| Absolute change | 7 (30) | 17 (29) | 3 (30) | 9 (29) | 0.0063 |
| Percent change | 18 (47) | 32 (45) | 13 (45) | 22 (50) | 0.0045 |
| Total calories, kcal | 2,053 (1,059) | 2,224 (1,003) | 1,920 (965) | 2,199 (1,196) | 0.0074 |
| % cal from sweets | 11.7 (8.9) | 13.2 (8.5) | 11.7 (8.9) | 11.1 (8.9) | 0.1629 |
| Soluble fiber (beans, vegs, fruit) , g | 11.0 (7.6) | 10.9 (6.0) | 10.4 (7.4) | 12.2 (8.3) | 0.0412 |
| Protein, g | 83.8 (44.8) | 90.5 (44.6) | 78.0 (39.1) | 90.5 (52.1) | 0.0076 |
| Saturated fat, g | 29.6 (17.2) | 32.3 (16.2) | 27.5 (15.4) | 31.9 (19.8) | 0.0130 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | |||||
| Current | 117 (22.4) | 19 (26.8) | 50 (17.8) | 48 (28.2) | 0.2814 |
| Former | 55 (10.5) | 9 (12.7) | 38 (13.5) | 8 (4.7) | 0.2814 |
| Non-smoker | 350 (67.0) | 43 (60.6) | 193 (68.7) | 114 (67.1) | 0.2814 |
| Vigorous Physical Activity, N (%) | |||||
| Rarely/Never | 77 (14.8) | 13 (18.3) | 36 (12.8) | 28 (16.5) | 0.9231 |
| 1-3 times / month | 117 (22.4) | 12 (16.9) | 69 (24.6) | 36 (21.2) | 0.9231 |
| 1 time/week | 75 (14.4) | 8 (11.3) | 42 (15.0) | 25 (14.7) | 0.9231 |
| 2-4 times / week | 195 (37.4) | 29 (40.9) | 105 (37.4) | 61 (35.9) | 0.9231 |
| 5+ times / week | 58 (11.1) | 9 (12.7) | 29 (10.3) | 20 (11.8) | 0.9231 |
| Education N (%) | |||||
| < High School | 136 (12.8) | 26 (14.9) | 59 (10.1) | 51 (16.8) | |
| High School Graduate | 516 (48.7) | 97 (55.8) | 313 (53.8) | 106 (35.0) | 0.0268 |
| > High School | 407 (38.4) | 51 (29.3) | 210 (36.1) | 146 (48.2) | |
| Total Energy Expenditure (kcal/kg/year) | 16,693(4,222) | 17,954(4,552) | 16,598(3,966) | 16,324(4,416) | 0.0316 |
*
P-values for continuous variables are based on linear GEE models that adjust for family structure.
P-values for ordinal categorical variables (smoking status, physical activity and education) are based on multinomial GEE models that adjust for family structure. The P-value for race/gender is based on χ2 test.