Table 1b.
Baseline characteristics by sleep duration for participants aged 40 years or older (mean and SD, unless noted)
| Overall | ≤ 5 h | 6 to 7 h | ≤ 8 h | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 585 | 113 | 325 | 147 | |
| Age, years | 51.9 (9.1) | 53.7 (10.2) | 51.2 (8.3) | 52.1 (9.6) | 0.0455 |
| African American men, N (%) | 72 (12.3) | 21 (18.6) | 48 (14.8) | 3 (2.0) | < 0.0001 |
| African American women, N (%) | 120 (20.5) | 41 (36.3) | 63 (19.4) | 16 (10.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Hispanic men, N (%) | 129 (22.1) | 13 (11.5) | 75 (23.1) | 41 (27.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Hispanic women, N (%) | 264 (45.3) | 38 (33.6) | 139 (42.8) | 87 (59.2) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| Baseline | 29.6 (5.9) | 31.4 (7.1) | 29.3 (5.6) | 28.8 (5.0) | 0.0131 |
| Follow-up | 30.1 (6.1) | 32.1 (7.5) | 29.8 (5.6) | 29.3 (5.8) | 0.0041 |
| Absolute change | 0.6 (2.6) | 0.8 (2.5) | 0.5 (2.7) | 0.5 (2.3) | 0.6569 |
| Percent change | 2.2 (9.1) | 2.6 (7.9) | 2.4 (9.9) | 1.7 (7.9) | 0.5566 |
| SAT, cm2 | |||||
| Baseline | 361 (156) | 392 (173 ) | 352 (154) | 358 (145) | 0.0670 |
| Follow-up | 374 (160) | 412 (183) | 363 (156) | 368 (149) | 0.0262 |
| Absolute change | 13 (66) | 20 (61) | 11 (68) | 10 (64) | 0.3161 |
| Percent changev | 6 (21) | 7 (19) | 6 (22) | 5 (21) | 0.6696 |
| VAT, cm2 | |||||
| Baseline | 126 (59) | 139 (65) | 121 (57) | 127 (59) | 0.0070 |
| Follow-up | 127 (62) | 136 (61) | 124 (61) | 125 (64) | 0.1016 |
| Absolute change | 1 (37) | −3 (35) | 3 (37) | −2 (39) | 0.2446 |
| Percent change | 5 (34) | 2 (27) | 7 (35) | 3 (38) | 0.1757 |
| Total calories, kcal | 1,611 (815) | 1,614 (970) | 1,583 (738) | 1,671 (850) | 0.5662 |
| % cal from sweets | 12.0 (10.2) | 12.2 (10.8) | 11.8 (10.3) | 12.4 (9.5) | 0.8294 |
| Soluble fiber (beans, vegs, fruit) , g | 11.3 (7.3) | 11.2 (8.4) | 11.3 (6.6) | 11.2 (7.7) | 0.9754 |
| Protein, g | 65.7 (34.9) | 62.9 (40.3) | 65.2 (31.8) | 68.9 (36.8) | 0.4349 |
| Saturated fat, g | 22.4 (13.1) | 22.7 (15.0) | 21.7 (11.7) | 23.9 (14.3) | 0.2564 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | |||||
| Current | 134 (22.9) | 36 (31.9) | 67 (20.6) | 31 (21.1) | 0.0119 |
| Former | 172 (29.4) | 39 (34.5) | 92 (28.3) | 41 (27.9) | 0.0119 |
| Non-smoker | 279 (47.7) | 38 (33.6) | 166 (51.1) | 75 (51.0) | 0.0119 |
| Vigorous Physical Activity, N (%) | |||||
| Rarely/Never | 186 (31.8) | 46 (40.7) | 89 (27.4) | 51 (34.7) | 0.1567 |
| 1-3 times / month | 127 (21.7) | 21 (18.6) | 69 (21.2) | 37 (25.2) | 0.1567 |
| 1 time/week | 66 (11.3) | 7 (6.2) | 47 (14.5) | 12 (8.2) | 0.1567 |
| 2-4 times / week | 153 (26.2) | 23 (20.4) | 90 (27.7) | 40 (27.2) | 0.1567 |
| 5+ times / week | 53 (9.1) | 16 (14.2) | 30 (9.2) | 7 (4.8) | 0.1567 |
| Education N (%) | |||||
| < High School | 136 (12.8) | 26 (14.9) | 59 (10.1) | 51 (16.8) | |
| High School Graduate | 516 (48.7) | 97 (55.8) | 313 (53.8) | 106 (35.0) | 0.0268 |
| > High School | 407 (38.4) | 51 (29.3) | 210 (36.1) | 146 (48.2) | |
| Total Energy Expenditure (kcal/kg/year) | 15,741(3,570) | 15,743(3,916) | 15,922(3,414) | 15,339(3,623) | 0.2596 |
*
P-values for continuous variables are based on linear GEE models that adjust for family structure.
P-values for ordinal categorical variables (smoking status, physical activity and education) are based on multinomial GEE models that adjust for family structure. The P-value for race/gender is based on a χ2 test.