Table 1.

Core Study Measures

Traumatic Life Eventsa Has your spouse ever died suddenly – when you didn't expect it? Has a child ever died? Have you ever had a child who died at or near birth? Have you ever had to give up a child shortly after birth? Not counting television or the movies, have you ever seen something very violent happen to someone or seen someone get killed? Have you ever been in a major fire, flood, earthquake, or other natural disaster? Have you ever had a life threatening illness? Have you ever had a serious accident or injury that was life threatening? Has your spouse ever had a near-fatal accident or near-fatal life threatening illness? Has one of your children ever had a near-fatal accident or a near-fatal life threatening illness? Have you ever been robbed, mugged, kidnapped, or taken hostage? Has your spouse ever been robbed, mugged, kidnapped, or taken hostage? Has one of your children ever been robbed, mugged, kidnapped, or taken hostage? Have you ever fired a weapon in combat or been fired upon in combat? Have you ever been sexually abused or sexually assaulted? Have you ever been physically abused by your current spouse or a previous spouse or partner? Has your spouse, partner, or child ever been addicted to drugs or alcohol? Have you ever been divorced? Before you were 18 years old, did you have to do a year of school over again? Before you were 18 years old, did your father or mother not have a job for a long time when they wanted to be working? Before you were 18 years old, were you ever sent away from home because you did something wrong? Before you were 18 years old, did either of your parents drink or use drugs so often that it caused problems in the family? Before you were 18 years old, were you ever physically abused by either of your parents? Did one of your parents die before you were 18 years old? Did your parents get divorced before you were 18 years old? Trust-Based Prayer Beliefsb Learning to wait for God=s answer to my prayers is an important part of my faith. When I pray, God does not always give me what I ask for because only He knows what is best. Frequency of Private Prayerc How often do you pray by yourself? Depressed Affectd I felt I could not shake off the blues, even with the help of my family and friends. I felt depressed. I had crying spells. I felt sad. Somatic Symptomsd I did not feel like eating, my appetite was poor. I felt that everything I did was an effort. My sleep was restless. I could not get going.

^aA measure of lifetime trauma was created by simply summing the number of traumatic events that a respondent had experienced. A measure of childhood trauma was created by summing the number of traumatic events that a respondent encountered before they were 18 years of age.

^bThese items were scored in the following manner (coding in parentheses): Strongly disagree (1); disagree (2); agree (3); strongly agree (4).

^cThis item was scored in the following manner: Never (1); less than once a month (2); once a month (3); a few times a month (4); once a week (5); a few times a week (6); once a day (7); several times a day (8).

^dThese items are scored in the following manner: Rarely or none of the time (1); some or a little of the time (2); occasionally or a moderate amount of the time (3); most or all of the time (4).