Table 2.

Prevalence of Disturbed Sleep^a by Selected Risk Factors Among Adolescents in LRGV (n = 4,901) and Matamoros (n = 669)

Risk Factor	LRGV			Matamoros
	% With Disturbed Sleep	% Without Disturbed Sleep	P Valueb	% With Disturbed Sleep	% Without Disturbed Sleep	P Valueb
Total	28	72	NA	36	64	NA
Sex
Male	25	75	<.001	36	64	.71
Female	32	68		35	65
Age, y
≤14	28	72	.87	34	66	.67
15	28	72		37	63
≥16	28	72		33	67
Perceived family standard of living
Very well off	21	79	<.001	37	63	.91
Living comfortably or just getting along	29	71		35	65
Nearly poor or poor	51	49		36	64
Ethnic identity
Mexican national	24	76	<.001	36	64	NA
Mexican American (born in United States)	30	70		NA	NA
Mexican American (born in Mexico)	21	79		NA	NA
Other Hispanic or Latino	40	60		NA	NA
Have a job currently
Yes	27	73	.02	38	62	.55
No	32	68		34	66
Hours slept weekday nights
≤6	40	60	<.001	50	50	.006
7	24	76		38	62
8	20	80		28	72
≥9	23	77		33	67
Hours slept weekend nights
≤6	32	68	<.001	49	51	<.001
7	30	70		38	62
8	25	75		29	71
≥9	25	75		30	70
During the past 4 weeks, how often have you felt rested when waking up in the morning?
Rarely or never	38	62	<.001	63	37	<.001
Sometimes	22	78		40	60
Often	25	75		35	65
Almost every day	29	71		15	85
During the past 4 weeks, how would you rate the quality of your sleep overall?
Very good	12	88	<.001	14	86	<.001
Fairly good	20	80		30	70
Fairly bad	47	53		45	55
Very bad	66	34		71	29
Smoked cigarette in past 30 days
Yes	38	62	<.001	45	55	.05
No	24	76		33	67
At least 1 drink of alcohol in past 30 days
0 days	23	77	<.001	32	68	.07
1-5 days	30	70		42	58
≥6 days	42	58		61	39
Marijuana use in past 30 days
0 times	25	75	<.001	36	64	.62
1-2 times	34	66		26	74
≥3 times	42	58		55	45
Ever use cocaine
Yes	42	58	<.001	74	26	.01
No	25	75		35	65
Ever use steroids
Yes	43	57	<.001	52	48	<.001
No	27	73		35	65
Felt sad or hopeless every day for ≥2 weeks in a row
Yes	45	55	<.001	48	52	<.001
No	22	78		31	69
Considered attempting suicide
Yes	48	52	<.001	51	49	.05
No	24	76		33	67
Body mass index categoryc
Underweight/normal	28	72	.83	34	66	.001
Overweight	29	71		35	65
Obese	28	72		41	58
In a physical fight in past 12 months
Yes	33	67	<.001	39	61	.21
No	26	74		33	67
Ever forced to have sex
Yes	45	55	<.001	70	30	.01
No	27	73		34	66
Gone ≥24 hours without eating in past 30 days
Yes	43	57	<.001	46	54	.04
No	25	75		34	66

Abbreviations: LRGV, Lower Rio Grande Valley; NA, not applicable.

^a Defined as difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, or early morning awakening often or almost every day in the past 4 weeks.

^b Pearson χ².

^c Underweight or normal weight, <85th percentile; overweight, ≥85th percentile to <95th percentile; obese, ≥95th percentile.