Table 1.
Characteristics of Caregivers With and Without a Choice in Giving Care, North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 341),a 2005
| Variable | Caregivers With a Choice (n = 183) | Caregivers Without a Choice (n = 158) | P Valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Unweighted No. | Weighted % (95% CI) | Unweighted No. | Weighted % (95% CI) | ||
| Caregiver is stressed | 80 | 38.3 (28.0-49.7) | 113 | 71.1 (59.7-80.4) | <.001 |
| Age, y | |||||
| 18-34 | 18 | 32.2 (20.0-47.5) | 7 | 14.3 (6.4-29.1) | .08 |
| 35-44 | 40 | 17.4 (11.5-25.3) | 28 | 17.0 (11.0-25.3) | |
| 45-54 | 45 | 19.6 (13.4-27.7) | 41 | 27.3 (18.4-38.4) | |
| 55-64 | 40 | 15.1 (9.9-22.2) | 44 | 24.6 (16.8-34.5) | |
| ≥65 | 39 | 15.8 (10.0-23.9) | 36 | 16.8 (11.4-24.2) | |
| Caregiver sex, female | 133 | 57.0 (44.4-68.8) | 5.3 | 71.0 (59.6-80.3) | .09 |
| Recipient sex, female | 107 | 60.8 (49.1-71.4) | 92 | 56.5 (45.3-67.0) | .59 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 147 | 74.5 (62.6-83.6) | 131 | 79.6 (69.5-87.0) | .48 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 23 | 18.1 (10.1-30.4) | 24 | 17.2 (10.6-26.6) | .87 |
| Hispanic/other | 13 | 7.4 (3.7-13.9) | 2 | 3.2 (0.8-12.3) | .25 |
| Annual income, $ | |||||
| <15,000 | 17 | 7.1 (3.7-13.2) | 14 | 10.8 (4.2-25.1) | .07 |
| 15,000-24,999 | 40 | 31.8 (20.3-46.0) | 32 | 20.6 (13.7-29.7) | |
| 25,000-34,999 | 40 | 23.9 (14.7-36.4) | 24 | 18.9 (11.2-30.3) | |
| 35,000-49,999 | 19 | 7.1 (3.9-12.6) | 27 | 16.8 (10.2-26.3) | |
| 50,000-74,999 | 19 | 11.9 (6.9-19.5) | 27 | 22.0 (13.5-33.7) | |
| ≥75,000 | 38 | 18.2 (12.1-26.5) | 17 | 11.0 (6.0-19.4) | |
| Education level | |||||
| Less than high school | 26 | 12.1 (7.1-19.9) | 14 | 12.0 (5.3-25.1) | .98 |
| High school graduate | 54 | 29.4 (18.6-43.3) | 48 | 28.1 (20.1-37.7) | |
| Some college or technical school | 55 | 30.5 (21.1-41.8) | 51 | 33.7 (23.7-45.3) | |
| College degree or more | 48 | 28.0 (19.4-38.6) | 43 | 26.2 (18.4-35.9) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/coupled | 113 | 60.9 (47.7-72.6) | 103 | 74.4 (63.5-82.9) | .09 |
| Divorced/separated | 39 | 13.6 (8.8-20.4) | 26 | 9.5 (5.7-15.3) | .26 |
| Widowed | 14 | 6.4 (2.6-15.0) | 9 | 2.7 (1.2-5.7) | .12 |
| Never married | 17 | 19.1 (8.8-36.6) | 20 | 13.5 (6.6-25.7) | .49 |
| General health | |||||
| Fair or poor | 36 | 20.9 (12.8-32.3) | 23 | 13.8 (8.2-22.3) | .22 |
| Status | |||||
| Primary caregiver | 37 | 25.7 (14.7-41.1) | 42 | 39.1 (26.6-53.3) | .17 |
| Secondary caregiver | 71 | 61.7 (46.2-75.1) | 38 | 42.1 (28.3-57.3) | .17 |
| Co-caregiver | 14 | 12.6 (6.4-23.3) | 14 | 18.7 (9.6-33.4) | .37 |
| Relationship to care recipient | |||||
| Spouse/partner | 26 | 13.6 (8.3-21.6) | 31 | 16.7 (11.2-24.3) | .45 |
| Child | 46 | 18.1 (12.2-26.0) | 72 | 45.4 (34.8-56.5) | <.001 |
| Parent | 5 | 2.4 (0.9-6.2) | 10 | 2.8 (1.4-5.6) | .73 |
| Other family member | 68 | 50.1 (38.3-61.9) | 39 | 33.0 (23.2-44.7) | .06 |
| Nonfamily member | 35 | 15.8 (10.1-23.8) | 5 | 2.0 (0.7-5.2) | <.001 |
| Burden level | |||||
| 1 (least burden) | 32 | 18.7 (11.5-29.0) | 18 | 13.7 (7.3-24.2) | .04 |
| 2 | 24 | 21.2 (10.6-37.9) | 26 | 18.4 (10.3-30.9) | |
| 3 | 59 | 33.9 (23.4-46.4) | 27 | 17.2 (10.3-27.4) | |
| 4 | 39 | 20.8 (14.0-29.8) | 52 | 36.1 (26.3-47.3) | |
| 5 (most burden) | 13 | 5.4 (2.7-10.7) | 23 | 14.5 (8.8-23.1) | |
| Total length of care, mo. | |||||
| 0-6 | 51 | 31.8 (21.0-44.9) | 33 | 32.8 (21.5-46.4) | .16 |
| 7-12 | 2 | 2.3 (0.5-9.9) | 1 | 0.4 (0.1-2.8) | |
| 13-84 | 68 | 52.0 (38.6-65.0) | 69 | 40.9 (30.5-52.1) | |
| ≥85 | 26 | 14.0 (8.2-22.9) | 32 | 26.0 (16.5-38.4) | |
| Average hours of care per week provided | |||||
| 0-8 | 82 | 51.0 (38.7-63.3) | 47 | 37.6 (26.7-49.9) | .14 |
| 9-20 | 41 | 28.0 (17.1-42.5) | 43 | 25.3 (17.8-34.8) | |
| 21-40 | 23 | 11.0 (6.7-17.6) | 27 | 19.8 (12.1-30.7) | |
| ≥41 | 22 | 9.9 (5.7-16.7) | 30 | 17.3 (11.1-25.9) | |
| No. of ADLs caregiver provides recipient assistance with | |||||
| 0 | 60 | 34.7 (23.7-47.6) | 42 | 24.9 (16.9-35.0) | .12 |
| 1 | 38 | 22.3 (13.8-33.8) | 23 | 14.4 (7.3-26.5) | |
| ≥2 | 84 | 43.1 (23.2-54.7) | 92 | 60.7 (49.3-71.0) | |
| No. of IADLs caregiver provides recipient assistance with | |||||
| 0 | 6 | 2.0 (0.7-5.4) | 0 | 0 | .06 |
| 1 | 21 | 10.3 (5.1-19.7) | 9 | 4.9 (2.3-10.5) | |
| ≥2 | 155 | 87.7 (78.5-93.4) | 148 | 95.1 (89.5-97.7) | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ADLs, activities of daily living; IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living.
a
Weighted percentages calculated on the basis of the 2005 North Carolina population. Unweighted values may not total N because of missing data.
b
P value is reported for the difference in frequencies between caregivers with and without a choice, as measured by a χ2 test. For variables with ordinal categories, P value is measured by logistic regression to assess trend across ordinal variables.