Table 2.
Multivariate Associations Between Choice in Caregiving and Stress Among Caregivers From North Carolina (N = 341), North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2005
| Variable | Model 1,a OR (95% CI) | Model 2,b OR (95% CI) | Model 3,c OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Choice in caregiving | |||
| Choice | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| No choice | 3.97 (1.99-7.93) | 3.55 (1.91-6.63) | 3.11 (1.64-5.91) |
| Age, y | |||
| 18-34 | — | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 35-44 | — | 1.02 (0.32-3.26) | 1.08 (0.34-3.44) |
| 45-54 | — | 1.42 (0.46-4.39) | 1.62 (0.52-5.05) |
| 55-64 | — | 1.48 (0.42-5.19) | 1.44 (0.40-5.20) |
| ≥65 | — | 0.66 (0.19-2.26) | 0.59 (0.17-2.02) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | — | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | — | 1.11 (0.53-2.33) | 1.07 (0.51-2.26) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | — | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Black, non-Hispanic | — | 0.67 (0.21-2.11) | 0.66 (0.23-1.87) |
| Hispanic/other | — | 0.71 (0.20-2.52) | 0.74 (0.18-3.04) |
| Education level | |||
| Less than high school | — | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| High school graduate | 1.08 (0.30-3.85) | 1.26 (0.37-4.27) | |
| Some college or technical school | — | 1.82 (0.53-6.19) | 2.57 (0.73-9.01) |
| College degree or more | — | 1.79 (0.56-5.73) | 2.56 (0.75-8.67) |
| Burden level | |||
| 1 (least burden) | — | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2 | — | 0.79 (0.26-2.47) | 0.83 (0.26-2.62) |
| 3 | — | 3.16 (1.16-8.63) | 2.48 (0.86-7.14) |
| 4 | — | 5.21 (1.99-13.63) | 4.48 (1.60-12.53) |
| 5 (most burden) | — | 3.86 (0.89-16.74) | 2.40 (0.51-11.34) |
| Total length of care, mo. | |||
| 0-6 | — | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 7-12 | — | 0.34 (0.03-3.90) | 0.15 (0.01-1.81) |
| 13-84 | — | 0.66 (0.28-1.54) | 0.50 (0.21-1.19) |
| ≥85 | — | 1.35 (0.44-4.18) | 1.02 (0.30-3.49) |
| Status | |||
| Primary caregiver | — | — | 1 [Reference] |
| Secondary caregiver | — | — | 0.52 (0.15-1.76) |
| Co-caregiver | — | — | 0.36 (0.10-1.33) |
| Relationship to care recipient | |||
| Spouse/partner | — | — | 1 [Reference] |
| Child | — | — | 0.74 (0.22-2.52) |
| Parent | — | — | 2.28 (0.33-15.69) |
| Other family member | — | — | 0.70 (0.22-2.24) |
| Nonfamily member | — | — | 0.28 (0.07-1.25) |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Model 1 represents the crude relationship between caregiver choice and caregiver stress.
b
Model 2 was adjusted for the caregiver's age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, length of time spent caring for the recipient, and 5-level measure of burden.
c
Model 3 includes all variables in model 2 plus caregiver's status and relationship to the recipient.