Table 1.

Geometric mean (95% CI) (pmol/g hemoglobin) and sample size of HbAA, HbGA, and the HbGA:HbAA ratio by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status in the general U.S. population.

	Nonsmokers						Smokers
	HbAA		HbGA		HbGA:HbAA ratio		HbAA		HbGA		HbGA:HbAA ratio
Group	GM (95% CI)	No.	GM (95% CI)	No.	GM (95% CI)	No.	GM (95% CI)	No.	GM (95% CI)	No.	GM (95% CI)	No.
All	50.0 (48.5–51.7)	5,686	51.1 (49.0–53.2)	5,809	1.01 (0.97–1.06)	5,464	113 (103–123)	1,316	93.5 (86.5–101)	1,357	0.82 (0.79–0.85)	1,282
Sex
Female	49.5 (48.2–50.8)	3,050	51.8 (49.1–54.7)	3,111	1.04 (0.99–1.09)	2,931	120 (108–133)	483	104 (94.9–115)	496	0.86 (0.82–0.90)	466
Male	50.7 (48.4–53.1)	2,636	50.2 (48.4–52.0)	2,698	0.98 (0.94–1.02)	2,533	108 (97.2–121)	833	87.2 (79.4–95.7)	861	0.80 (0.76–0.83)	816
Age group (years)
3–11	58.7 (56.2–61.2)	1,070	73.4 (70.5–76.4)	1,138	1.25 (1.20–1.30)	1,030	NDa		NDa		NDa
12–19	52.0 (50.1–54.0)	1,629	50.6 (46.7–54.7)	1,658	0.97 (0.89–1.05)	1,563	103 (88.1–119)	240	93.2 (80.4–108)	248	0.89 (0.85–0.93)	234
20–39	51.0 (48.5–53.8)	951	51.7 (48.4–55.3)	972	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	919	118 (106–131)	444	98.2 (88.5–109)	464	0.84 (0.80–0.88)	435
40–59	48.6 (46.1–51.2)	784	49.1 (47.0–51.2)	792	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	753	116 (106–127)	371	94.2 (87.1–102)	376	0.79 (0.75– 0.83)	362
≥ 60	44.4 (42.6–46.2)	1,252	41.0 (38.1–44.1)	1,249	0.92 (0.86–0.98)	1,199	93.5 (84.2–104)	252	77.2 (70.1–85.1)	258	0.81 (0.76–0.86)	243
Race/ethnicity
NHW	50.1 (48.5–51.8)	2,254	51.6 (49.2–54.1)	2,287	1.02 (0.97–1.06)	2,172	114 (103–127)	698	97.8 (88.5–108)	714	0.84 (0.81–0.87)	682
NHB	50.5 (47.5–53.7)	1,480	46.3 (43.8–48.9)	1,533	0.91 (0.83–1.00)	1,405	123 (108–141)	361	82.1 (72.2–93.5)	381	0.66 (0.60–0.73)	350
MA	56.3 (53.2–59.6)	1,582	60.9 (56.8–65.3)	1,622	1.08 (1.01–1.15)	1,533	109 (98.5–120)	190	92.5 (79.7–107)	194	0.85 (0.77–0.94)	186

Abbreviations: GM, geometric mean; MA, Mexican American; ND, not determined; NHB, non-Hispanic black; NHW, non-Hispanic white.

^an < 10.