Table 3.
Adjusted ORs for asthma risk due to average exposures during pregnancy and the first year of life for LUR and IDW exposure metrics.
| Pollutant/method | Exposure interval | In utero exposure (95% CI) | First-year exposure (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO/IDW | 10 μg/m3 | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) |
| NO/LUR | 10 μg/m3 | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) |
| NO2/IDW | 10 μg/m3 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) |
| NO2/LUR | 10 μg/m3 | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) |
| CO/IDW | 100 μg/m3 | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) |
| O3/IDW | 10 μg/m3 | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | 0.81 (0.74–0.87) |
| PM10/IDW | 1 μg/m3 | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) |
| PM2.5/IDW | 1 μg/m3 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
| PM2.5/LUR | 1 μg/m3 | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Black carbon/LUR | 10−5/m increase in filter absorbance | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) |
| SO2/IDW | 1 μg/m3 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) |
| Point source index (r = 10 km) | 30 points | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 1.10 (1.04–1.17) |
| Woodsmoke | 10 burn days | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Road proximity | 0/1 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) |
| Mutually adjusted for in utero and first-year exposures | |||
| NO/LUR | 10 μg/m3 | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) |
| NO2/LUR | 10 μg/m3 | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) |
| PM10/IDW | 1 μg/m3 | 1.10 (1.04–1.15) | 0.99 (0.93–1.5) |
| Black carbon/LUR | 10−5/m increase in filter absorbance | 1.06 (1.00–1.14) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) |
All models are adjusted for parity, breast-feeding, income quintile (neighborhood level), maternal education status (neighborhood level), birth weight, and gestational length. Additionally, results of models that include both in utero and first-year exposures are provided for NO, NO2, PM10, and black carbon (with Pearson correlation coefficients < 0.70).