Table 4.
Estimated percent changes (95% CIs) in 5-min HRV indices in lagged PM2.5 moving averages.
| 30-min moving average |
2-hr moving average |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | All data | Excluding outlying exposure valuesa | All data | Excluding outlying exposure valuesa |
| 5-min SDNN | −2.2 (−3.8 to −0.6)** | −3.5 (−5.7 to −1.2)** | −1.1 (−3.3 to 1.1) | −1.6 (−4.2 to 1.1) |
| 5-min LF power | −2.8 (−6.6 to 1.0) | −5.8 (−10.7 to −0.5)* | −4.2 (−9.0 to 0.8) | −4.8 (−10.6 to 1.3) |
| 5-min HF power | −4.1 (−7.6 to −0.5)* | −7.1 (−11.6 to −2.4)** | −6.2 (−10.7 to −1.5)* | −7.8 (−13.1 to −2.3)** |
Effect estimates are percent changes for per IQR (69.5 μg/m3) increase of PM2.5 moving averages, adjusted for age, time of day, log10-transformed heart rate, and linear and quadratic terms of moving averages of real-time temperature/RH corresponding to the PM2.5.
a
With observations in the top 5% and bottom 5% of the 30-min and 2-hr PM2.5 moving averages, respectively, removed.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01.