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CP functions as an indispensable part of direct defense against M. sexta in N. attenuata. A, Mean ± se concentrations of CP sprayed on ir-MYB8-810 leaves over a period of 48 h. B, Mean ± se M. sexta caterpillar mass gain 4 d after feeding on CP-sprayed or water-sprayed ir-MYB8-810 leaves. The asterisk represents significantly different M. sexta caterpillar growth responses between the treatments at P < 0.05 (n = 16). FM, Fresh mass.
