Table 1.
Sample characteristics, DRS and letter fluency performance
| Cognitively Impaired (N = 20) | Control (N = 40) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
| Age (years) | 85.1 | (6.33) | 84.4 | (4.74) |
| Education (years)** | 12.7 | (2.15) | 14.9 | (2.20) |
| % Female | 65% | 62.5% | ||
| DRS: Total Score** | 118.3 | (3.92) | 134.4 | (6.10) |
| DRS: Attention | 35.4 | (1.43) | 35.9 | (1.07) |
| DRS: I/P** | 27.8 | (4.05) | 34.5 | (2.88) |
| DRS: Construction* | 5.2 | (1.01) | 5.7 | (0.79) |
| DRS: Conceptualization** | 31.5 | (3.12) | 36.2 | (2.42) |
| DRS: Memory** | 18.5 | (3.38) | 22.1 | (2.53) |
| Letter Fluency 1 minute* | 8.25 | (2.4) | 10.4 | (3.4) |
| Letter Fluency 2 minutes** | 10.60 | (3.4) | 15.9 | (5.9) |
*
p ≤ .05
**
p ≤ .01
DRS denotes Dementia Rating Scale. LF denotes letter fluency; LF 1 minute = total number of words generated in the first minute of administration; LF 2 minutes = total number of words generated in two minutes of administration; I/P denotes Initiation/Perseveration. Independent-samples t tests (df = 58) were used to examine group differences on all continuous measures. Chi-square analysis was used to examine group differences in gender distribution.