TABLE 3.

Dose-response for specific pesticides among incident diabetics and non-diabetics enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study.

Pesticide name	Cumulative days of use	Diabetics	Non-diabetics	Adjusted odds ratio*	95% confidence interval	p for trend
Insecticides
Organochlorines      Aldrin†	Never	429	12,213	Reference
	0.01 to 10	39	1,197	0.84	0.59 , 1.19
	10.01 to 100	55	1,100	1.21	0.89 , 1.65
	Over 100	16	225	1.51	0.88 , 2.58	0.08
Chlordane†	Never	392	11,922	Reference
	0.01 to 10	92	1,881	1.15	0.90 , 1.46
	10.01 to 100	43	762	1.18	0.85 , 1.65
	Over 100	15	159	1.63	0.93 , 2.86	0.05
Heptachlor†	Never	454	12,969	Reference
	0.01 to 10	41	946	1.31	0.93 , 1.85
	10.01 to 100	32	753	1.26	0.85 , 1.85
	Over 100	11	147	1.94	1.02 , 3.69	0.02
Toxaphene†	Never	440	13,172	Reference
	0.01 to 10	45	825	1.28	0.93 , 1.77
	10.01 to 100	38	569	1.30	0.91 , 1.85
	Over 100	13	237	0.82	0.46 , 1.46	0.80
Organophosphates       Chlorpyrifos	Never	672	17,126	Reference
	0.01 to 10	141	4,154	0.96	0.80 , 1.16
	10.01 to 100	185	5,661	0.95	0.80 , 1.12
	Over 100	123	2,695	1.24	1.02 , 1.52	0.04
Coumaphos	Never	865	24,668	Reference
	0.01 to 10	40	1,053	1.12	0.81 , 1.56
	10.01 to 100	49	931	1.60	1.18 , 2.17
	Over 100	16	440	0.94	0.56 , 1.56	0.79
Diazinon†	Never	393	11,612	Reference
	0.01 to 10	39	1,499	0.68	0.48 , 0.95
	10.01 to 100	70	1,149	1.30	0.99 , 1.71
	Over 100	36	435	1.59	1.09 , 2.31	0.006
Dichlorvos	Never	880	24,466	Reference
	0.01 to 10	30	921	1.15	0.78 , 1.67
	10.01 to 100	32	917	1.19	0.82 , 1.72
	Over 100	44	1,187	1.26	0.91 , 1.73	0.15
Phorate†	Never	396	10,264	Reference
	0.01 to 10	50	1,879	0.97	0.71 , 1.34
	10.01 to 100	71	1,959	1.14	0.86 , 1.49
	Over 100	27	644	1.05	0.70 , 1.58	0.68
Terbufos	Never	610	16572	Reference
	0.01 to 10	81	2,779	1.08	0.85 , 1.38
	10.01 to 100	181	5,020	1.23	1.03 , 1.47
	Over 100	116	3,236	1.14	0.93 , 1.41	0.19
Trichlorfon	Never	968	27,180	Reference
	0.01 to 10	5	61	1.92	0.75 , 4.94
	Over 10	7	75	2.47	1.10 , 5.56	0.02
Carbamates      Aldicarb†	Never	492	13,745	Reference
	0.01 to 10	12	370	0.62	0.34 , 1.12
	10.01 to 100	23	410	1.00	0.64 , 1.57
	Over 100	15	259	0.97	0.56 , 1.68	0.90
Carbaryl†	Never	254	8,393	Reference
	0.01 to 10	89	2,532	1.03	0.80 , 1.32
	10.01 to 100	101	2,147	0.98	0.75 , 1.26
	Over 100	94	1,600	0.95	0.72 , 1.25	0.67
Herbicides
Alachlor	Never	431	12,716	Reference
	0.01 to 10	110	3,421	1.00	0.81 , 1.25
	10.01 to 100	208	6,312	1.05	0.88 , 1.25
	Over 100	240	4,974	1.31	1.11 , 1.55	0.001
Atrazine	Never	340	8,342	Reference
	0.01 to 10	118	3,778	0.95	0.77 , 1.19
	10.01 to 100	285	8,529	0.99	0.83 , 1.17
	Over 100	370	9,005	1.15	0.98 , 1.36	0.02
Cyanazine	Never	609	15,817	Reference
	0.01 to 10	104	3,618	1.04	0.83 , 1.30
	10.01 to 100	173	5,003	1.32	1.09 , 1.60
	Over 100	115	3,179	1.38	1.10 , 1.72	0.004
EPTC	Never	805	21,707	Reference
	0.01 to 10	77	2,488	1.08	0.84 , 1.38
	10.01 to 100	65	2,145	1.15	0.88 , 1.50
	Over 100	31	949	1.07	0.74 , 1.56	0.56
Metribuzin†	Never	351	9,104	Reference
	0.01 to 10	80	2,759	1.02	0.78 , 1.32
	10.01 to 100	81	2,337	1.22	0.93 , 1.58
	Over 100	25	574	1.44	0.94 , 2.21	0.06
Petroleum oil†	Never	436	11,551	Reference
	0.01 to 10	28	1,035	0.87	0.58 , 1.29
	10.01 to 100	42	1,226	0.99	0.71 , 1.38
	Over 100	30	882	0.93	0.63 , 1.37	0.72
Fumigant
Aluminum phosphide	Never	524	14,345	Reference
	0.01 to 10	11	282	1.15	0.62 , 2.15
	Over 10	10	231	1.10	0.57 , 2.12	0.69

^*Models include variables for age (under 40, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, over 70), state, and body mass index (under 25, 25–30, 30–32, over 32).

^†Information provided on take-home questionnaire completed by 44% of enrolled applicators.

^‡Pesticides with no dose-response association with diabetes are not shown.