TABLE 1.
V. vulnificus strains used in the study: source, biotype, genotype, serovar, and PCR results
| Strain(s) | Biotype/serovara | Origin | Genotypingb |
Country of isolation | PCR |
Human serum resistance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vcg | 16S rRNA | Vvha | Vvpdh | |||||
| ATCC33816, CECT 5164, CECT 5168, CECT 5169, | Bt1/NT | Human blood | C | B | United States | + | + | + |
| CECT 529Td | Bt1/NT | Human blood | E | A | United States | + | − | − |
| CECT 5166 | Bt1/NT | Wound infection | E | B | United States | + | + | + |
| CECT 5165d | Bt1/NT | Seawater | E | A | United States | + | − | − |
| E4 | Bt1/NT | Seafood | C | B | United States | + | − | − |
| JEc | Bt1/NT | Seafood | E | B | United States | + | + | − |
| MLT364, MLT362 | Bt1/NT | Environmental | C | B | United States | + | + | + |
| VV1003c, | Bt1/NT | Environmental | C | B | United States | + | + | − |
| VV352c,d, VV425c | Bt1/NT | Environmental | E | A | United States | + | + | − |
| MLT404d, MLT406d | Bt1/NT | Environmental | E | A | United States | + | − | − |
| V4d | Bt1/NT | Human blood | C | B | Australia | + | + | + |
| CS9133 | Bt1/NT | Human blood | C | B | South Korea | + | + | + |
| CECT 5167, N87, KH03 | Bt1/NT | Human blood | C | B | Japan | + | + | + |
| YN03 | Bt1/NT | Human blood | E | A | Japan | + | + | + |
| L49 | Bt1/NT | Brackish water | E | A | Japan | + | − | − |
| YJ106 | Bt1/NT | Human blood | C | B | Taiwan | + | + | + |
| CG118 | Bt1/NT | Seawater | C | B | Taiwan | + | + | + |
| CG100d | Bt1/NT | Oyster | C | B | Taiwan | + | + | + |
| CG106 | Bt1/NT | Oyster | E | A | Taiwan | + | − | − |
| CG110, CG111 | Bt1/NT | Seawater | C | B | Taiwan | + | − | − |
| CECT 4867 | Bt1/NT | Diseased eel | E | A | Sweden | + | − | − |
| 94-9-118 | Bt1/NT | Human expectoration | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| 94-9-130 | Bt1/NT | Water | E | A | Denmark | + | − | − |
| 94-9-119 | Bt1/NT | Human wound | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| A2, A4, A5, A6, A7, PD-1, PD-3, PD-5, PD-12, V1 | Bt1/NT | Eel tank water | E | A | Spain | + | − | − |
| PD-2-66 | Bt1/NT | Eel tank water | E | B | Spain | + | − | − |
| CECT 4606d | Bt1/NT | Healthy eel | E | A | Spain | + | − | − |
| Riu-1 | Bt1/NT | Seawater | E | A | Spain | + | − | − |
| Riu-3 | Bt1/NT | Seawater | E | AB | Spain | + | − | − |
| 94385d | Bt1/NT | Leg wound | E | B | Spain | + | + | + |
| CECT 4608d | Bt1/NT | Eel farm water | C | B | Spain | + | + | + |
| CECT 5768, A13, A21, A22, CECT 5689, CECT 5769, A15, A16, A17, A18, CECT 5198, CECT 5343, A10, A11, A14d | Bt2/SerA | Diseased eel | E | A | Spain | + | − | − |
| 4/7/17, 4/7/19, | Bt2/SerA | Diseased eel | E | A | Denmark | + | − | − |
| 21B, 22, 26, 27, 21A | Bt2/SerA | Diseased eel | ND | ND | Denmark | + | − | − |
| CECT 4864, CECT 4999d, CECT 4605, CECT 4607, CECT 4604d, CECT 4602, CECT 4603, CECT 4601 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased eel | E | A | Spain | + | + | + |
| PD-2-47, PD-2-50, PD-2-51, PD-2-55, PD-2-56, CECT 5763 | Bt2/SerE | Eel tank water | E | A | Spain | + | + | + |
| C1, CECT 5762 | Bt2/SerE | Healthy eel | E | A | Spain | + | + | + |
| Riu-2 | Bt2/SerE | Seawater | E | A | Spain | + | + | + |
| CIP8190 | Bt2/SerE | Human blood | E | A | France | + | + | + |
| CECT 4868 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased eel | E | A | Norway | + | + | + |
| 90-2-11 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased eel | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| 4-8-112 | Bt2/SerE | Human wound | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| 94-9-123 | Bt2/SerE | Seawater | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| CCUG38521 | Bt2/SerE | Human blood | ND | ND | Sweden | + | + | + |
| Ö122 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased eel | ND | ND | Sweden | + | + | + |
| CECT 4866 | Bt2/SerE | Human blood | E | A | Australia | + | + | + |
| CECT 4865 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased shrimp | E | A | Taiwan | + | + | + |
| UE516 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased eel | E | A | Taiwan | + | + | + |
| CECT 898, CECT 897, CECT 4174, CECT 4862 | Bt2/SerE | Diseased eel | E | A | Japan | + | + | + |
| 95-8-161d, 95-8-162d | Bt2/SerI | Diseased eel | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| CECT 4869d | Bt2/SerI | Diseased eel | E | A | Belgium | + | − | − |
| 95-8-7d | Bt2/SerI | Diseased eel | E | A | Denmark | + | + | + |
| 95-8-6d | Bt2/SerI | Diseased eel | E | A | Denmark | + | − | − |
| 97, 162d, 11028d, vv12, vv32 | Bt3/SerO | Diseased human | E | AB | Israel | + | + | + |
| V. alginolyticus CECT 521T | − | − | Not tested | |||||
| V. anguillarum CECT 522T | − | − | Not tested | |||||
| V. cholerae CECT 514T | − | − | Not tested | |||||
| V. natriegens CECT | − | − | Not tested | |||||
| V. parahaemolyticus CECT 511T | − | − | Not tested | |||||
a
Bt, biotype; NT, nontypeable; SerE, serovar E; SerA, serovar A; SerI, serovar I; SerO, serovar O.
b
Genotyping data are from Sanjuan et al. (20); E type and C type are according to Rosche et al. (19); A type, B type, and AB type are according to Lee et al. (13). ND, not done.
c
Translucent strain.
d
Strains used for whole pilF gene sequencing.