Activation of transducin by opsin–retinal complexes in COS cell membranes in the dark. Numerical values are given in Table 1. (A) Dark activity of G121A, G121S, G121T, G121V, G121L, G121I, and G121W mutant opsins incubated with 11-cis-retinal. (B) Dark activity of wild-type opsin incubated with 11-cis-retinal, 11-cis-9-ethylretinal, and 11-cis-9-propylretinal.