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. 2010 Mar 5;6(3):e1000701. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000701

Figure 1. Punctate cell surface distribution of BST-2 and surface down-regulation by HIV-1 encoding the Vpu protein.

Figure 1

HeLa cells were left untransfected (A) or transfected with a plasmid expressing the complete wild type HIV-1 genome (B) or with a plasmid expressing an HIV-1 genome lacking vpu (C). The next day, the cells were fixed and stained without permeabilization using an antibody to the BST-2 ectodomain and a secondary labeling system including streptavidin-conjugated cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide nanocrystals (quantum dots; Qdot 625 nm). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Data were acquired as a Z-series of images using an Olympus laser scanning confocal microscope. The images shown are projections of the entire Z-series for each field. (D) HeLa cells (untransfected) were plated on cover glasses, then fixed in formaldehyde and stained for surface BST-2 exactly as described above using Qdot 625 nanocrystals. After staining, the cells were further fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, followed by conventional embedding and processing for thin-section transmission electron microscopy. Images were obtained using a JEOL 1200C microscope operated at 80 keV.