FIGURE 5.

8-Cl-Ado metabolite distribution after oligomycin and metformin co-treatment. A–C, JeKo cells were preincubated with 10 μm 8-Cl-Ado for 24 h and/or then exposed to oligomycin (2 μg/ml) for 1 h. Cell extracts were quantified for (A) AMP:ATP ratios, (B) fumarate concentrations, and (C) 8-Cl-adenylate metabolite levels, oligomycin versus no oligomycin controls. D–F, JeKo cells were co-incubated with 10 μm 8-Cl-Ado and/or 5 mm metformin for 24 h. Cell extracts were quantified for (D) AMP:ATP ratios, (E) fumarate concentrations, and (F) 8-Cl-adenylate metabolite levels, metformin versus no metformin controls. Cells contents were extracted using 60% methanol and analyzed by HPLC. Data points are averages ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.