. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 5.

Published in final edited form as: Dent Clin North Am. 2007 Jul;51(3):713–viii. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2007.04.006

Table 1.

Methods of forming ceramics for all-ceramic prostheses.

Fabrication Method	Commercial Examples	Composition
Powder condensation	Duceram LFC^a	glass
	Finesse Low Fusing^a	leucite-glass
	IPS e.max Ceram^b	fluoroapatite-glass
	IPS Eris^b	fluoroapatite-glass
	LAVA Ceram^c	leucite-glass
	Vita D^d	leucite-glass
	Vitadur Alpha^d	leucite-glass
	Vitadur N^d	alumina-glass
Slip casting	In-Ceram Alumina^d	glass-alumina
	In-Ceram Spinell^d	glass-alumina-spinel
	In-Ceram Zirconia^d	glass-alumina-PS zirconia
Hot pressing	Finesse All-Ceramic^a	leucite-glass
	Fortress Pressable^e	leucite-glass
	IPS Empress^b	leucite-glass
	IPS Empress 2^b	lithium disilicate-glass
	IPS e.max Press^b	lithium disilicate-glass
	IPS e.max ZirPress^b	fluoroapatite-glass
	OPC^f	leucite-glass
CAD-CAM
Presintered	Cercon^a	partially stabilized zirconia
	DC-Zirkon^g	partially stabilized zirconia
	Everest ZS-Blanks^h	partially stabilized zirconia
	IPS e.max ZirCAD^b	partially stabilized zirconia
	LAVA Frame^c	partially stabilized zirconia
	Procera AllCeramⁱ	alumina
	Procera AllZirkonⁱ	partially stabilized zirconia
	Vita YZ^d	partially stabilized zirconia
Densely sintered	Denzir^j	partially stabilized zirconia
	Digiceram L^k	leucite-glass
	Digizon^k	partially stabilized zirconia
	Everest G-Blanks^h	leucite-glass
	Everest ZH-Blanks^h	partially stabilized zirconia
	IPS e.max CAD^b	lithium disilicate-glass
	ProCAD^b	leucite-glass
	Vitablocs Mark II^d	leucite-glass
	Vitablocs TriLuxe^d	leucite-glass
	ZirKon^l	partially stabilized zirconia
Glass infiltrated	In-Ceram Alumina^d	glass-alumina
	In-Ceram Spinell^d	glass-alumina-spinel
	In-Ceram Zirconia^d	glass-alumina-PS zirconia

Dentsply-Ceramco, York, PA, USA;

Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein;

3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA;

Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany;

Mirage Dental Systems, Kansas City, KS, USA;

Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT, USA;

DCS Dentalsysteme, Kelkheim, Germany;

KaVo, Lake Zurich, IL, USA;

ⁱ

Nobel Biocare, Kloten, Switzerland;

Cad.esthetics, Skellefteå, Sweden;

Digident, Pforzheim, Germany;

Cynovad, Saint-Laurent, Canada