. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 Feb 23;3(3):371–380. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0152

Table 5.

Effect of α-Tocopherol on Extra-Prostatic Tumor Development in 17β-Estradiol + Testosterone−Treated NBL Rats

Group	1	2	3
α-Tocopherol acetate dose (mg/kg diet)	0	2,000	4,000
Effective Number of Animals	30	30	30
Lesion Incidence	No. (%) of Rats with Lesion:
Pituitary tumors:	30(100)	30(100)	30(100)
Mammary Adenocarcinoma:
Total Cancer Incidence	1 (3)^a	8 (27)^a,^b	7 (23)^a,^c
Tubulo-papillary carcinomas	0	5 (17)	5 (17)^*
Compact tubular carcinomas	1 (3)	1 (3)	1 (3)
Cribriform carcinomas	0	2 (7)	2 (7)^*
Other tumors:
Mammary fibroadenoma	0	0	1 (3)
Thymic lymphoma	2 (7)	2 (7)	2 (7)
Localized lymphoma of lymph nodes	2 (7)	2 (7)	1 (3)
Adrenal pheochromocytoma	1 (3)	2 (7)	0
Abdominal mesothelioma	2 (7)	0	0

Data were tested for significance using Fisher's exact test and for linear trend with dose using a 2 × 3 chi-square test. Differences were considered statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05 (2-sided for Fisher's exact test).

P = 0.0381; P for trend = 0.0428 (2 × 3 chi-square test).

P = 0.0257 for difference with control group (2-sided Fisher's exact test).

P = 0.0523 for difference with control group (2-sided Fisher's exact test).

One animal had both a tubulo-papillary and a cribriform carcinoma