Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurotrauma. 2006 Nov;23(11):1654–1670. doi: 10.1089/neu.2006.23.1654

FIG. 7.

FIG. 7

Photographs of various categories of trunk instability (TI) observed after a thoracic spinal cord injury. (Al-4) Series of stroke cycles in a normal rat without TI. (Bl) Rat with occasional mild TI that is barely detectable. This same rat also experienced an episode of moderate TI in which the body rotated a little more (B2–4). (Cl–4) Rat exhibits moderate TI but experiences the rotation more frequently than the rat in B. (CI and 2) Episode of moderate rotation. (Dl–4) Rat experiencing an episode of severe TI. In this example, the animal rotates to a degree that forces it to stop swimming for a brief period of time in order to regain a more stable body position. Notice that the hindlimbs extend to one side (Dl) and the animal must use its forelimbs to help change the trunk position. (D4) The animal just after a better trunk position has been achieved. (E) Rat experiencing an episode of TI so severe that swimming is prevented (E4). (El–3) Same animal attempting to swim a lap. The animal begins by swimming on its back but as it attempts to correct its body position, the hindlimbs drop, preventing the animal from swimming any further.