Table 1.
Sample sizes, means (standard deviations) and comparisons (paired t-tests) and agreement (correlations) for mother (n = 197) and father (n = 98) CBQ factor and sub-scale scores.
| Twin 1 |
Twin 2 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | Father | r | Mother | Father | r | |
| Effortful Control | 5.36 (.59) | 5.13 (.63)* | .60 | 5.30 (.67) | 5.13 (.62)* | .62 |
| Attentional Focusing | 5.06 (.92) | 4.97 (.80)* | .66 | 4.98 (1.04) | 4.88 (.86) | .59 |
| Inhibitory Control | 5.13 (.87) | 4.87 (.86)* | .49 | 5.09 (.89) | 4.85 (.93)* | .57 |
| Low-Intensity Pleasure | 5.76 (.73) | 5.53 (.77)* | .52 | 5.78 (.77) | 5.59 (.69) | .42 |
| Perceptual Sensitivity | 5.48 (.83) | 5.14 (.90)* | .55 | 5.37 (.93) | 5.20 (.82)* | .38 |
| Surgency | 4.46 (.73) | 4.44 (.63) | .65 | 4.44 (.87) | 4.45 (.71) | .75 |
| Activity | 4.56 (.93) | 4.61 (.82) | .59 | 4.52 (1.03) | 4.65 (.88)* | .61 |
| High-Intensity Pleasure | 4.69 (.98) | 4.61 (.96) | .55 | 4.74 (1.14) | 4.70 (1.02) | .71 |
| Impulsivity | 4.21 (.89) | 4.18 (.83) | .43 | 4.17 (.99) | 4.16 (.86) | .60 |
| Shyness | 3.62 (1.32) | 3.63 (.99) | .60 | 3.66 (1.37) | 3.71 (.98) | .62 |
| Negative affect | 3.79 (.70) | 3.79 (.69) | .31 | 3.98 (.76) | 3.91 (.73) | .39 |
| Anger | 3.73 (1.16) | 3.80 (1.09) | .39 | 3.99 (1.22) | 3.93 (1.15) | .51 |
| Discomfort | 4.01 (1.13) | 4.01 (1.04) | .27 | 4.18 (1.26) | 4.18 (1.08) | .42 |
| Soothability | 4.67 (.95) | 4.54 (.86) | .39 | 4.49 (1.05) | 4.53 (.96) | .50 |
| Fear | 3.61 (1.12) | 3.53 (.99) | .27 | 3.85 (1.28) | 3.76 (1.07) | .34 |
| Sadness | 4.28 (.83) | 4.15 (.80) | .40 | 4.36 (.83) | 4.20 (.77) | .40 |
| Other scales | ||||||
| Approach | 5.16 (.73) | 4.85 (.65)* | .39 | 5.12 (.74) | 4.85 (.77)* | .48 |
| Smiling | 6.01 (.69) | 5.80 (.58)* | .21 | 5.84 (.75) | 5.62 (.70)* | .28 |
Note: all correlations (r) significant, two-tailed p < .05.
*
The mother–father paired t-test (91 degrees of freedom for each test) was significant, two-tailed p < .01.