Table 3.
Univariate models for mother (M) and father (F) ratings: percent variance (95% confidence intervals) for genetic (h2), shared environmental (c2), and non-shared environmental (e2) effects, and selected model with fit indices.
| Rater | h2 | c2 | e2 | Model | χ2 (df, p) | AIC | RMSEA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effortful Control | M | .69 (.40-.84) | .10 (.00-.36) | .21 (.16-.30) | ACE | 6.78 (3, .08) | 0.78 | .08 |
| F | .50 (.19-.87) | .34 (.00-.61) | .17 (.10-.27) | ACE | 0.68 (3, .88) | −5.32 | .00 | |
| Attentional Focusing | M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| F | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Inhibitory Control | M | .69 (.48-.78) | .00 (.00-.16) | .31 (.22-.43) | ACE | 1.88 (3, .60) | −4.12 | .02 |
| F | .70 (.32-.88) | .12 (.00-.47) | .18 (.11-.27) | ACE | 2.05 (3, .56) | −3.95 | .00 | |
| Low-Intensity Pleasure | M | .26 (.08-.48) | .57 (.36-.73) | .16 (.12-.23) | ACE | 9.97 (3, .02) | 3.97 | .12 |
| F | .14 (.00-.39) | .71 (.47-.86) | .15 (.09-.24) | ACE | 4.03 (3, .26) | −1.97 | .08 | |
| Perceptual Sensitivity | M | .41 (.13-.70) | .34 (.07-.56) | .25 (.18-.36) | ACE | 6.26 (3, .12) | 0.26 | .10 |
| F | .52 (.21-.86) | .31 (.00-.60) | .17 (.10-.27) | ACE | 1.74 (3, .63) | −4.26 | .00 | |
| Negative affect | M | .71 (.39-.81) | .02 (.00-.31) | .27 (.19-.37) | ACE | 2.46 (3, .48) | −3.54 | .03 |
| F | .10 (.00-.51) | .57 (.21-74) | .33 (.21-.49) | ACE | 1.16 (3, .76) | −4.84 | .00 | |
| Anger | M | .66 (.41-.87) | .16 (.00-.40) | .17 (.12-.24) | ACE | 0.78 (3, .85) | −5.22 | .00 |
| F | .63 (.26-.87) | .18 (.00-.50) | .19 (.12-.32) | ACE | 1.21 (3, .75) | −4.79 | .00 | |
| Discomfort | M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| F | 00# | .42 (.24-.57) | .58 (.43-.76) | CE | 0.92 (4, .92) | −7.08 | .00 | |
| Soothability | M | .61 (.47-.72) | 00# | .39 (.29-.53) | AE | 5.89 (4, .12) | −2.11 | .06 |
| F | .55 (.35-.70) | 00# | .45 (.30-.65) | AE | 2.14 (4, .71) | −5.87 | .00 | |
| Fear | M | .56 (.27-.81) | .19 (.00-.44) | .25 (.18-.35) | ACE | 7.23 (3, .07) | 1.23 | .11 |
| F | .50 (.02-.79) | .19 (.00-.56) | .31 (.20-.49) | ACE | 3.76 (3, .29) | −2.24 | .07 | |
| Sadness | M | .71 (.38-.79) | .00 (.00-.29) | .29 (.21-.40) | ACE | 4.41 (3, .22) | −1.59 | .06 |
| F | 00# | .71 (.60-.80) | .29 (.20-.40) | CE | 5.37 (4, .25) | −2.63 | .09 | |
| Other scales | ||||||||
| Approach | M | .77 (.69-.83) | 00# | .23 (.17-.31) | AE | 4.32 (4, .37) | −3.69 | .03 |
| F | .78 (.40-.86) | .00 (.00-.35) | .22 (.14-.34) | ACE | 4.69 (3, .20) | −1.31 | .09 | |
| Smiling | M | .48 (.14-.75) | .20 (.00-.47) | .32 (.24-.45) | ACE | 4.11 (3, .25) | −1.90 | .07 |
| F | .57 (.21-.86) | .23 (.00-.53) | .21 (.13-.34) | ACE | 7.21 (3, .07) | 1.21 | .16 |
Note: “-” is shown for those models that were not estimated because of evidence of sibling contrast rating bias (see Table 3). 00# indicates that the parameter was fixed at zero for model-fitting purposes. Selected models refer to estimated effects of A (additive genetic), C (additive shared environment), and E (additive non-shared environment).