Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables, for Full Sample and by Gender
| Full Sample |
Girls |
Boys |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | Percent | M (SD) | Percent | M (SD) | Percent | |
| Course-taking | ||||||
| Math level (end-of-school) | 6.12 (1.98) | — | 6.24 (1.93) | — | 5.99 (2.02) | — |
| Math level (9th grade) | 3.61 (1.29) | — | 3.69 (1.26) | — | 3.55 (1.32) | — |
| Math grades (9th grade) | 2.32 (1.14) | — | 2.41 (1.09) | — | 2.26 (1.13) | — |
| Science level (end-of-school) | 4.11 (1.28) | — | 4.44 (1.22) | — | 4.38 (1.34) | — |
| Science level (9th grade) | 2.11 (1.13) | — | 2.11 (1.13) | — | 2.11 (1.13) | — |
| Science grades (9th grade) | 2.38 (1.17) | — | 2.50 (1.14) | — | 2.26 (1.19) | — |
| Self-perception | ||||||
| Δ perceived intelligence between Waves I & II | .07 (1.06) | — | .07 (1.07) | — | .06 (1.03) | — |
| Wave I perceived intelligence | 3.92 (1.09) | — | 3.93 (1.09) | — | 3.90 (1.09) | — |
| Academic groups | ||||||
| Both academic markers | — | 5.57 | — | 3.31 | — | 8.08 |
| Learning disability only | — | 5.14 | — | 3.77 | — | 6.68 |
| Failure only | — | 26.65 | — | 25.11 | — | 28.37 |
| No academic markers | — | 61.64 | — | 66.95 | — | 55.72 |
| Missing on disability/failure | — | .99 | — | .86 | — | 1.15 |
| Social context factors | ||||||
| Friends’ academic press | .00 (.69) | — | .02 (.67) | — | −.02 (.71) | — |
| Parents’ educational attainment | 3.06 (1.24) | — | 3.03 (1.25) | — | 3.09 (1.24) | — |
| Adolescent Characteristics | ||||||
| Athletic status | — | 45.46 | — | 41.04 | — | 50.38 |
| Extracurricular participation | .75 (.99) | — | .96 (1.06) | — | .50 (.84) | — |
| Δ truancy between Waves I & II | .18 (1.14) | — | .16 (1.12) | — | .22 (1.16) | — |
| Truancy (Wave I) | .50 (1.04) | — | .46 (.99) | — | .53 (1.08) | — |
| Δ school attachment between Waves I & II | −.09 (.80) | — | −.08 (.83) | — | −.10 (.77) | — |
| School attachment (Wave I) | 3.78 (.83) | — | 3.75 (.86) | — | 3.81 (.81) | — |
| Δ delinquency between Waves I & II | −.32 (1.60) | — | −.26 (1.43) | — | −.39 (1.77) | — |
| Delinquency (Wave I) | 1.61 (1.76) | — | 1.47 (1.61) | — | 1.77 (.90) | — |
| Δ closeness to parents between Waves I & III | −.09 (.53) | — | −.07 (.59) | — | −.11 (.46) | — |
| Closeness to parents (Wave I) | 4.32 (.60) | — | 4.24 (.68) | — | 4.41 (.50) | — |
| Sociodemographic Controls | ||||||
| Grade level | 9.51 (.50) | — | 9.51 (.50) | — | 9.51 (.50) | — |
| Non-Latino/a white | — | 56.02 | — | 55.59 | — | 56.49 |
| African American | — | 18.92 | — | 21.23 | — | 16.35 |
| Asian American | — | 5.66 | — | 4.79 | — | 6.62 |
| Latino/a | — | 16.34 | — | 15.18 | — | 17.62 |
| Other race/ethnicity | — | 3.04 | — | 3.14 | — | 2.93 |
| First generation immigrant | — | 7.19 | — | 6.56 | — | 7.89 |
| Second generation immigrant | — | 13.44 | — | 12.33 | — | 14.69 |
| Third-plus generation immigrant | — | 79.12 | — | 81.05 | — | 76.97 |
| Family structure (two-parent) | — | 57.91 | — | 57.84 | — | 59.10 |
| N | 3,324 | 1,752 | 1,572 | |||
Source: Add Health/AHAA