Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Baseline Characteristic | With AKI (n = 82,711) | No AKI (n = 782,222) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| age (yr; mean ± SD) | 66.3 ± 12.4 | 61.3 ± 13.7 |
| female gender (%) | 3.2 | 5.0 |
| race (%) | ||
| white | 71.6 | 72.0 |
| black | 21.7 | 20.5 |
| Hispanic | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| other | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Follow-up time (yr; mean ± SD) | 2.08 ± 1.42 | 2.36 ± 1.43 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2; median [first and third quartiles]) | ||
| baseline | 93.8 (71.0, 122.2) | 86.3 (70.3, 103.8) |
| after discharge | 75.0 (56.3, 96.7) | 81.5 (65.8, 97.9) |
| Concurrent conditions before admission (%) | ||
| previous AKIa | 1.1 | 0.3 |
| cancer | 14.6 | 10.5 |
| cardiac and vascular diseasesb | 37.5 | 28.9 |
| CKD | 4.5 | 2.0 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| diabetes | 33.6 | 22.9 |
| hypertension | 61.1 | 48.7 |
| neurodegenerative diseasesc | 5.0 | 3.9 |
| mental health disordersd | 25.2 | 31.3 |
| hospitalization in previous month | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| hospitalization in previous yeare | 8.0 | 6.1 |
| Medication use before admission (%) | ||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 40.8 | 28.5 |
| β blockers | 29.5 | 23.7 |
| diuretics | 35.4 | 23.0 |
| NSAIDs | 25.6 | 26.9 |
| other nephrotoxic drugs | 13.8 | 10.9 |
| platelet aggregation inhibitors | 26.9 | 21.6 |
| Hospitalization details | ||
| hospitalization primary diagnosis (%) | ||
| circulatory | 20.8 | 20.2 |
| digestive | 11.8 | 8.3 |
| infectious | 2.3 | 1.1 |
| neoplasms | 7.6 | 5.1 |
| respiratory | 10.2 | 6.5 |
| other | 47.2 | 58.9 |
| mechanical ventilationf | 6.45 | 0.4 |
| length of stay (d; median [first and third quartiles]) | 10 (5, 27) | 4 (2, 8) |
| Hospitalization between 30 and 90 d after discharge (%) | 13.7 | 10.0 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
aDefined as the presence of at least one ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 584.xx in the 2 yr before the index admission date.
bInclude congestive heart failure, ischemic disease, arrhythmia, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and valvular disease.
cInclude Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, other dementia, and multiple sclerosis.
dInclude major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse.
eExcludes hospitalizations in the previous month.
fDefined by the presence of ICD-9-CM procedure code 96.04 or 96.7x during hospitalization.