Table 1.
Transcripts and physiological/biochemical parameters, which showed similar correlative patterns with the change in the amount or rate of accumulation of sugars, amylose, amylopectin, and A- and B-granule. The expression patterns of genes in developing caryopses of spring wheat T. aestivum cv. Bobwhite were examined using RNA from six time-points with 3 biological replicates for each time-point. The gene expression patterns that correlated with the accumulation profiles of the physiological/biochemical parameters were identified using the Pearson Correlation module in GeneSpring GX Software (Santa Clara, CA). Only genes with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r-value) > 0.95 are shown. The Gene ID and closest BLAST N hit description (cut-off E-value ≤ 10−10; DNA database release 144) of each transcript are indicated. NA denotes not applicable. Species abbreviations—Os: Orzya sativa, Ta: Triticum aestivum; Tt: Triticum turgidum; Aegilops markgrafii (Am); At: Arabidopsis thaliana; Hv: Hordeum vulgare; Bo: Bambusa oldhamii.
| Gene name (Species) | GenBank ID |
|---|---|
| (A) Sugars | |
|
| |
| Sucrose (mg/gDW) | |
| putative transcription factor BTF3 (Os) | BG263006 |
| sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (Ta) | BQ806964 |
| ATP/ADP carrier protein (Tt) | BE426214 |
| putative cytosolic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Zm) | BE499049 |
| putative transcription factor (Os) | BE422879 |
|
| |
| Fructose (mg/gDW) (top 10 genes) | |
| OsCDPK protein (Os) | BE424694 |
| Phosphoglucomutase (Ta) | BF484585 |
| Vacuolar invertase1 (Ta) | BE470578 |
| Putative aldose reductase (Os) | BE426211 |
| Putative myb protein (Os) | BM134356 |
| 0.19 dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor (Am) | BE425004 |
| Kelch repeat-containing F-box family protein-like (Os) | BQ805590 |
| Putative DNA methyltransferase DMT106 (Os) | BG274989 |
| Putative UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Os) | BQ804766 |
| Transmembrane protein kinase (Os) | BG604519 |
|
| |
| Glucose (mg/gDW) (top 10 genes) | |
| Calmodulin (Zm) | BE495028 |
| 14-3-3 protein homologue (Hv) | BE424346 |
| Putative transcription factor (Os) | BE404468 |
| Cold shock protein-1 (Ta) | BF146102 |
| Phosphoglucomutase (Ta) | BF484585 |
| Putative transcription factor PCF3 (Os) | BQ838703 |
| Auxin responsive protein-like (Os) | BF429053 |
| Putative UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Os) | BQ804766 |
| Putative phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Os) | BQ806618 |
| Putative aldose reductase (Os) | BE426211 |
|
| |
| (A) Amylose and Amylopectin | |
|
| |
| Percentage Amylose | |
| Amylose amount (mg/gDW) | NA |
| Alpha-gliadin (Ta) | BE399594 |
| Fresh weight per caryopsis | NA |
| B-granule % volume | NA |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE422921 |
| Amylose rate (mg caryopsis/day) | NA |
| Amylose amount (mg/caryopsis) | NA |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE422980 |
|
| |
| Percentage Amylopectin (top 10 genes) | |
| Auxin-induced protein (Saccharum hybrid cultivar) | BE444720 |
| Putative zinc finger protein (Os) | BG604730 |
| Triose phosphate translocator (Ta) | BE488921 |
| Putative OsLRK1(receptor-type protein kinase) (Os) | BG607784 |
| Putative pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit (Os) | BE494481 |
| Putative alkaline/neutral invertase (Os) | BQ806650 |
| Putative zinc finger protein (Os) | BF201579 |
| MADS box transcription factor (Ta) | BF429033 |
| Thioredoxin H (Ta) | BE423204 |
| Putative pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit (Os) | BE399382 |
|
| |
| Amylose rate (mg/gDW/day) | |
| Sucrose synthase (Type I) (Hv) | BF474552 |
| Brittle-1 protein; chloroplast precursor | BE399058 |
| Sucrose synthase 2 (Bo) | BE498731 |
| BRI1-KD interacting protein 103 (Os) | BE424602 |
| DnaJ domain family (At) | BE497111 |
| Nuclear inhibitor of PP1-like (Os) | BE637971 |
|
| |
| (B) Starch granules | |
|
| |
| A-granule number % (top 10 genes) | |
| Putative TATA box-binding protein associated factor 10 (Os) | BE399264 |
| Putative DEAD BOX RNA helicase (Os) | BE404899 |
| MADS box transcription factor (Ta) | BF429033 |
| Adenosine kinase (Zm) | BE424366 |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Ta) | BF291587 |
| Granule-bound starch synthase GBSSII | BE497955 |
| MADS-box protein 9 (Hv) | BQ804479 |
| TaWIN1 (Ta) | BE424197 |
| Putative transcription factor (Os) | BE422879 |
| Putative transcription factor (Os) | BE423371 |
|
| |
| B-granule number % (top 10 genes) | |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE423485 |
| B-granule volume % | NA |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE422921 |
| Aldolase (Os) | BE488825 |
| B/A-granule number ratio | NA |
| Beta-amylase 1 (Hv) | BE423462 |
| Water content (mg/caryopsis) | NA |
| Low molecular weight glutenin (Ta) | BE424477 |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE422980 |
| Seed storage protein (Ta) | BQ805009 |
|
| |
| A-granule volume % | |
| Putative SNF2 domain-containing protein (Os) | BE399473 |
| Putative zinc finger protein (Os) | BF201579 |
|
| |
| B-granule volume % (top 10 genes) | |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE423485 |
| B-granule number % | NA |
| B/A-granule number ratio | NA |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE422921 |
| Aldolase (Os) | BE488825 |
| B/A-granule volume ratio | NA |
| Beta-amylase 1 (Hv) | BG262481 |
| Triticin precursor (Ta) | BF428943 |
| Gamma-gliadin (Ta) | BE422980 |
| Globulin (Tt) | BE398314 |