Increased therapeutic efficacy of heterologous vaccination. To establish multifocal lung tumors, 1 × 106 B16-F10 cells were injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice (n = 5/group) on day 0. Mice then received the following treatments on days 3 and 10, respectively. (i) PBS/PBS (PBS controls), (ii) PBS/VSV-GFP (VSV-GFP), (iii) PBS/VSV-hDCT (VSV-hDCT), (iv) PBS/Ad-hDCT (Ad-hDCT), (v) VSV-GFP/Ad-hDCT (VSV-GFP + Ad-hDCT), and (vi) VSV-hDCT/Ad-hDCT (VSV-hDCT + Ad-hDCT). On day 21, lungs were harvested and surface metastases enumerated. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Asterisks denote a significant difference compared to PBS control or VSV alone (P < 0.05). Ad, adenovirus; GFP, green fluorescent protein; hDCT, human dopachrome tautomerase; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.