Figure 1.

Cytokine expression by baculovirus-transduced MSCs. (a) IL-1β; (b) IFN-α; (c) IL-6. Human MSCs were transduced by a baculovirus that expressed no transgene at multiplication of infection 100. As controls, MSCs were mock-transduced (Mock) or treated with virus-free insect cell culture supernatant (Supernatant). The transcription levels of IL-1β, IFN-α, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR at different times and normalized against that of the mock-transduction control at 12 hpt. The IFN-γ and TNF-α transcription levels were not significantly higher than the baseline levels and are not shown. IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.