Dose-dependent and formulation-dependent inhibition of influenza viral replication in mouse lung. Black Swiss mice were injected twice IV with PBS without siRNA, freshly prepared PEI–siRNA nanoparticles, freshly prepared 98N12-5(1)-siRNA nanoparticles, or previously lyophilized 98N12-5(1)-siRNA nanoparticles at 1, 2, or 3 mg/kg siRNA before challenge with 12,000 PFU PR/8 influenza virus. Lung viral titer was determined by quantitative plaque-forming assay and is expressed as relative to control (PBS) viral titer. N = 3–6, mean ± SD shown. IV, intravenous; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PEI, poly(ethylenimine); PFU, plaque-forming units; siRNA, short-interfering RNA.