Table 1.
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of survivors of hospitalization for pneumonia
| Characteristics | Study cohort (n = 457) | CAP (n = 293) | HCAP (n = 164) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 47.3 ± 16.4 | 47.9 ± 15.8 | 46.1 ± 18.4 | 0.180 |
| ≥65 years | 79 (17) | 47 (16) | 32 (20) | 0.347 |
| By decade | 0.004 | |||
| <30 years | 55 (12) | 36 (12) | 19 (12) | |
| 30–39 years | 125 (27) | 66 (23) | 59 (36) | |
| 40–49 years | 109 (24) | 71 (24) | 38 (23) | |
| 50–59 years | 65 (14) | 54 (18) | 11(7) | |
| 60–69 years | 43 (9) | 31 (11) | 12 (7) | |
| 70–79 years | 44 (10) | 26 (9) | 18 (11) | |
| ≥80 years | 16 (4) | 9 (3) | 7 (4) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 354 (77) | 220 (75) | 134 (82) | 0.104 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 238 (52) | 139 (47) | 99 (60) | 0.008 |
| Residence | ||||
| Homeless | 124 (27) | 102 (35) | 22 (13) | 0.001 |
| SNF or other institution | 49 (11) | NA | 49 (30) | <0.001 |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Medicare | 117 (26) | 62 (21) | 55 (34) | 0.004 |
| Medicaid | 396 (87) | 251 (86) | 145 (88) | 0.407 |
| Self-pay | 281 (61) | 190 (65) | 91 (55) | 0.049 |
| Community insurance | 27 (6) | 19 (6) | 8 (5) | 0.485 |
| HMO/PPO | 4 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.648 |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| History of alcoholism and/or BAC | 189 (41) | 141 (48) | 48 (29) | <0.001 |
| Substance abuse | ||||
| Intravenous drug use | 75 (16) | 51 (17) | 24 (15) | 0.443 |
| Marijuana | 41 (9) | 27 (9) | 14 (9) | 0.808 |
| Crack | 72 (16) | 51 (17) | 21 (13) | 0.195 |
| Combined substance abuse | 121 (26) | 81 (28) | 40 (24) | 0.449 |
| Alcohol or intravenous drug use | 219 (48) | 155 (53) | 64 (39) | 0.004 |
| Ongoing tobacco use (within the last 30 days) | 299 (65) | 204 (70) | 95 (58) | 0.012 |
| Comorbid illness | ||||
| Immunocompromised | 95 (21) | 0 | 95 (58) | <0.001 |
| HIV infection | 89 (19) | 0 | 89 (54) | <0.001 |
| Neutropenia in past 2 weeks | 2 (1) | 0 | 2 (1) | 0.058 |
| Prednisone (≥20 mg daily) | 7 (2) | 0 | 7 (4) | <0.001 |
| Other immunosuppressant | 5 (1) | 0 | 5 (3) | 0.003 |
| Malignancy | 37 (8) | 19 (6) | 18 (11) | 0.091 |
| Cirrhosis | 20 (4) | 12 (4) | 8 (5) | 0.695 |
| Dialysis | 8 (2) | 0 | 8 (5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 108 (24) | 66 (23) | 42 (26) | 0.457 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 29 (6) | 13 (4) | 16 (10) | 0.025 |
| Diabetes | 27 (6) | 21 (7) | 6 (4) | 0.127 |
| Obstructive lung disease | 108 (24) | 78 (27) | 30 (18) | 0.044 |
| Hospitalized or treated for pneumonia in previous 90 days | 39 (9) | 0 | 39 (24) | <0.001 |
| PSI class | ||||
| Low risk (I–III) | 292 (64) | 201 (92) | 91 (55) | 0.005 |
| High risk (IV, V) | 165 (36) | 92 (31) | 73 (45) | 0.005 |
Data are presented as means ± SD and numbers (%). SNF = Skilled-nursing facility; HMO/PPO = health maintenance organization/preferred provider organization; BAC = blood alcohol concentration (any alcohol detected).