Table 1.
Clinical and histologic variables
| Site | Outcome | Control | 50 W 9.5 seconds 190f | 110 W 4.3 seconds 190f | 170 W 2.8 seconds 190f | 170 W 5.6 seconds 380f | 170 W 8.4 seconds 570f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibia | Hemostasis (%) | 0 | 59 ± 12* | 65 ± 10* | 70 ± 5* | 96 ± 2*,† | 99 ± 1*,† |
| Skin incision | Hemostasis (%) | NA | NA | NA | 84 ± 4 | 92 ± 3 | 97 ± 2‡ |
| Healing score | NA | NA | NA | 4 (3.5–4) | 2.5 (0.5–4)‡ | 2 (0–4)‡ | |
| Joint capsule | Coagulation score | 0 (0) | NA | NA | 1 (1–2)* | 4 (0–4)* | 0 (0–4) |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean or mean, with range in parentheses; *different from control (p < 0.03); †different from all three 190f treatments (50 W 9.5 seconds, 110 W 4.3 seconds, 170 W 2.8 seconds) (p < 0.04); ‡different from 170 W 2.8 seconds 190f treatment (p < 0.02); NA = not applicable.