Table 3.
Operation time and blood loss in clinical studies with computer-assisted surgery
| Study | Object | Number | Operation time (minutes) | Blood loss (mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalteis et al. [12] | Manual | 30 | 75.1 (range, 40–120) | 399 (range, 50–1090) |
| Imageless navigation | 30 | 82.6 (range, 53–105) | 341 (range, 50–950) | |
| CT-based navigation | 30 | 92.0 (range, 61–130) | 359 (range, 20-730) | |
| Murphy et al. [18] | Manual | 189 | 178 (range, 90–335) | — |
| CT-based navigation | 185 | 177 (range, 74–348) | — | |
| Sugano et al. [26] | Manual | 111 | 111 (range, 60–225) | 751 (range, 80–1400) |
| CT-based navigation | 59 | 169 (range, 105–260) | 827 (range, 150–1800) | |
| Najarian et al. [20] | Manual | 53 | 105 | 498 |
| Imageless navigation (first series) | 49 | 128 | 520 | |
| Imageless navigation (second series) | 47 | 124 | 356 | |
| Current study |
Manual + mechanical guide + 3D planning | 38 | 116.3 (range, 79.0–158.0) | 683.9 (range, 240.0–1628.0) |
| Tailor-made surgical guide | 31 | 106.1 (range, 75.0–169.0) | 655.9 (range, 190.0–1768.0) |
CT = computed tomography; 3D = three-dimensional.