Table 3.
Means and standard deviations of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scales by smoking status
| Smoking status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F (df: 1, 1026) | P* | |
| Emotional symptoms | 2.90 | 2.10 | 3.70 | 2.40 | 12.85 | <0.001 |
| Conduct problems | 2.90 | 1.50 | 3.70 | 1.60 | 31.06 | <0.001 |
| Hyperactivity-inattention | 3.40 | 2.10 | 4.80 | 2.30 | 33.58 | <0.001 |
| Peer problems | 1.80 | 1.70 | 2.10 | 1.60 | 4.38 | 0.037 |
| Prosocial behaviour | 8.10 | 1.80 | 7.80 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 0.138 |
*multivariate analysis of variance (age and gender were used as covariates)