Table 1.

Sebaceous gland receptors and their functions on human sebocytes

Receptor	Ligand	Proliferation	Differentiation/Apoptosis	Lipid synthesis	Cytokine synthesis
Peptide Hormone Receptors
CRHR1	CRH, urocortin	↓		↑	↑
CRHR2
MC-1R	α-MSH	↓
MC-5R	α-MSH		↑
OPR	β-endorphin			↑
VPAC	VIP, NY, CGRP				↑
CBR1			↑
CBR2	Endocannabinoids		↓
Histamine-1R	Histamine, antihistaminics			↓ (squalene)
IGF-IR	IGF-I, insulin			↑
GHR	GH			↑
Nuclear Receptors
AR	Androgens	↑		↔
PR	Progesterone
ER-α	Estrogens
ER-β	Estrogens			↑ (polar lipids)
RARα	Tretinoin	↓
RARγ	Tretinoin	↓
RXRα	Retinoids	↑	↑
RXRβ
RXRγ
VDR	Vit. D	↑	↓	↓
PPARα	LTB4			↓	↑
PPARγ	Linoleic acid, 15d-PGJ2, thioglitazones, WY 14643			↑
LXR-α	22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, TO901317	↓		↑
LXR-β
VR	Capsaicin	↓
Other Receptors
FGFR2b
EGF	HGF
c-MET
CD14					↑
TLR-2	LPS				↑
TLR-4	LTA				↑
TLR-6					↑