TABLE 2.

Studies Included in Meta-Analysis

Authors	Year	Design	Age	Grade	N	Ability Measure	Dependent Measure
Allor, Fuchs, & Mathes	2001	PPa		1	30	PPVT-R	WRMT-R Word Identification, Word Attack, Passage Comprehension
Berninger et al.	1999	GCb	7.5		48	WISC-III Verbal IQ	WRMT-R Word Identification, Word Attack; CBM Word Reading Accuracy
Berninger et al.	2002	PP		1	87	WISC-III Verbal IQ	WRMT-R Word Identification; WJ-R Word Attack
Case, Speece, & Molloy	2003	GC		1, 2, 3	36	WISC-R Full Scale IQ	Oral Reading Fluency CBM
Compton, Fuchs, Fuchs, & Bryant	2006	GC		1	206	WJ-R Oral Vocabulary	Word Identification Fluency CBM
Foorman, Flrancis, Fletcher, & Schatschneider	1998	GC		1–2	285	WISC-R Verbal IQ	Pre-CTOPP (synthesis and analysis tests); WJ-R Letter Word Identification
Hatcher & Hulme	1999	PP	7.5		93	WISC-R Verbal IQ	The BAS Word Reading Test A; Neale Analysis of Reading
Hecht & Close	2002	PP	5.5		42	Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (4th ed.) Verbal IQ	WJ-R Letter Word Identification
Mathes et al.	2005	GC		1	161	WASI Verbal IQ	TOWRE Sight Word Efficiency, Phonemic Decoding Efficiency, TCARE; Foorman Word List
Nash, & Snowling	2006	PP	7.5		24	British Picture Vocabulary Scales–Revised	Neale Analysis of Reading Ability-R; Suffolk Reading Test
O’Connor, Jenkins, Leicester, & Slocum	1993	PP	4, 5, 6		36	McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities–Full Scale IQ	3 segmenting tasks not specified; 3 rhyming tasks not specified; 3 blending tasks not specified
O’Shaughnessy & Swanson	2000	GC		2	30	WISC-III Full Scale IQ	CBM Oral Reading Fluency; 90 Word Analogy Training (WAT) words, 90 Phonological Awareness Training in Reading (PAT) words; WRMT Word Identification; WRMT-R Word Attack, Passage Comprehension
Schneider, Ennemoser, Roth, & Kuspert	1999	PP		K	190	Culture Fair Intelligence Test– Performance IQ	Wurzburg Silent Reading Test
Stage, Abbott, Jenkins, & Berninger	2003	GC	6.73		128	WISC-III Verbal IQ	WRMT-R Word Identification, Word Attack
Torgesen, & Davis	1996	GC		K	60	Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (4th ed.) Verbal IQ	Phoneme Blending (not specified); Phoneme Segmenting (not specified)
Torgesen et al.	1999	PP	5		106	Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (4th ed.) Verbal IQ	WRMT-R Word Attack, Word Identification
Torgesen et al.	2001	PP	8, 9, 10		50	WISC-R Full Scale IQ	WRMT-R Word Identification, Word Attack, Passage Comprehension; GORT-III Rate
Uhry & Shepherd	1997	PP		1, 2	12	WPPSI-R or WISC-III Full Scale IQ	WRMT-R Word Identification, Word Attack
Vadasy, Jenkins, Antil, Wayne, & O’Connor	1997	PP		1	17	PPVT-R	WRAT-R Reading
Vellutino, Scanlon, & Lyon	2000	GC		K–2	74	WISC-R Verbal IQ, Performance IQ or Full Scale IQ	WRMT-R Basic Skills Cluster
Vellutino, Scanlon, Zhang, & Schatschneider	2008	GC		K–3	1373	WISC-III Verbal IQ, Performance IQ or Full Scale IQ	WRMT-R Word Identification, Word Attack
Wise, Ring, & Olson	1999	PP		2–5	104	WISC-R Full Scale IQ	PIAT Word Recognition untimed; WRAT Reading Subtest Level 1 (screener); PIAT Word Recognition time-limited; WRMT-R Word Attack; PIAT Reading Comprehension; Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test & revised Rosner Test of Auditory Analysis Skills

Note. WISC-III = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III; WISC-R = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised; WRMT-R = Word Reading Mastery Tests-Revised; WJ-III = Woodcock-Johnson-III; CBM = Curriculum-Based Measure; Pre-CTOPP = Pre Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency; PIAT = Peabody Individual Achievement Test; PPVT-R = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised; TCARE = Continuous Assessment for Reading Excellence; PAT = Phonological Awareness Training; GORT-III = Gray Oral Reading Test-III.

^aPP = pre–post design,

^bGC = growth curve design.