FIGURE 1.

Up-regulation of CTGF in response to hypoxia. A, glEND.2 cells were treated with DMOG (1 mm) or exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for the times indicated. The protein levels of CTGF were detected in cellular homogenates by Western blotting. To compare different experiments, CTGF expression in control cells was set to 1. The data presented in the graph are the means ± S.D. of three to six experiments. **, p < 0.01 compared with control cells. B, after incubation of glEND.2 cells with DMOG (1 mm) for the indicated times, mRNA levels of CTGF were analyzed by real time reverse transcription-PCR. The graph summarizes the data of two experiments. C, HUVEC were seeded in flow-through cell culture slides and exposed to steady laminar shear stress at 10 dyne/cm² for 24 h. For the last 6 h of flow, the cells were treated with DMOG (1 mm). Protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence. The photos are representative of four independent experiments performed in duplicate. The graph summarizes the data of four experiments. Data quantification: six or seven images at objective magnification 20× were taken for every experiment and analyzed using MetaVue software. The thresholded protein expression levels were expressed as arbitrary fluorescence units. **, p < 0.01, t test versus untreated controls.