FIGURE 1.

NF-κB sites upstream of GSK-3-regulated genes. A, NF-κB sites located in the 5-kb upstream region relative to the transcription start site are represented by vertical black lines, with the position of the primers used for ChIP assays indicated above. Only sites that were confirmed by ChIP are shown. Displayed below is a depiction of the human sequence aligned to the corresponding mouse ortholog. Black, exact match; gray, mismatch; white, gap. B, T98G cells were either untreated or treated for 15 or 30 min with TNFα. Chromatin fragments were precipitated with either anti-p65 antibody or nonimmune IgG and quantified by real time PCR. The data shown for nonimmune IgG are averaged from cells treated for 15 and 30 min with TNFα. Indicated within parentheses are the positions of the first nucleotide of the binding sites for each gene relative to the transcription start site. If the sites were too close together to be distinguished by a single primer, both sites are listed. β-globin was used as a negative control. The data are presented as the percentages of input and are the means of two independent experiments ± S.E.