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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 10.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Transplant. 2008 Dec;8(12):2516–2526. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02444.x

Figure 6. Histological features of grafts showing chronic xenograft vasculopathy (A–I: B223, day 110; A, D, G: HE stain, B, E, F: EMG stain, C, F, I: α-actin stain).

Figure 6

Chronic xenograft vasculopathy in arteries was characterized by the narrowing of the arterial lumen with intimal fibrous thickening consisting of α-actin+ cells without elastosis. Neither fibrinoid material nor cellular infiltration was seen in arteries, suggesting fully developed vasculopathy. The distribution of chronic vasculopathy in grafts, including the percent of arteries affected, as well as the severity and types of chronic vasculopathy is also shown. Although a similar percentage of small and large arteries were affected by chronic xenograft vasculopathy, the vasculopathy was, on average, more severe in the smaller arteries. Large number of arteries that showed evidence of vasculopathy also had fully developed or humoral-associated rejection types.