TABLE 1.

Top 20 Freelisted Promoters of and Barriers to Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables, and Fast Foods Among a Sample of Urban, Low-Income African Americans: Philadelphia, PA, 2008

Rating	Promoter	Smith S	Barrier	Smith S
	Fruits
1	Health and nutritionab	0.55	Cost and financesab	0.20
2	Taste or flavorcb	0.40	Availability and convenienceab	0.18
3	Vitamins and mineralsab	0.24	Have at home or on handab	0.14
4	Preferences and likesab	0.22	Craving or taste forb	0.14
5	Cost and financesa	0.09	Taste or flavorcb	0.11
6	Bowel functiona	0.09	Preferences and likesa	0.09
7	Energy-giving	0.07	Freshnessa	0.09
8	Refreshment	0.06	Away from home	0.08
9	Naturalness	0.05	Allergies or sensitivities	0.07
10	Availability and conveniencea	0.05	Variety or kindsa	0.06
11	Have at home or on handa	0.05	Appearancea	0.05
12	Time constraintsa	0.05	No reason	0.05
13	Balanced diet	0.03	Time constraintsa	0.04
14	Have resources to grow	0.03	Time of year	0.04
15	Weather, warmth	0.03	Health or nutritiona	0.03
16	Essentiality or necessitya	0.03	Bowel functiona	0.03
17	Family or friends' influencea	0.03	Weight concerna	0.03
18	Heaviness in the stomacha	0.03	Ease of preparing or servinga	0.03
19	Weight concerna	0.03	Value for moneya	0.03
20	Alternatives better	0.02	Being everywhere	0.03
	Vegetables
1	Health or nutritionb	0.47	Preferences and likesab	0.23
2	Taste or flavorcb	0.27	Cost or financesab	0.16
3	Vitamins and mineralsb	0.20	Availability and convenienceab	0.14
4	Preferences and likesa	0.13	Taste or flavorcb	0.12
5	Part of meala	0.12	Freshnessa	0.10
6	Bowel function	0.10	Preparation style or qualitya	0.10
7	Cost or financesa	0.09	Time constraints	0.09
8	Energy-giving	0.08	Having cooked alreadya	0.08
9	Essentiality or necessitya	0.08	Part of meala	0.07
10	Family or friends' influence	0.07	Cravings or taste fora	0.07
11	Example to kids	0.07	Away from home	0.07
12	Availability and conveniencea	0.05	Have at home or on handa	0.06
13	Blood flow	0.04	Appearance	0.05
14	Protein	0.04	Contamination or safety	0.05
15	Weight concern	0.04	Ease of preparing or servinga	0.04
16	Upbringing, how raiseda	0.04	Being everywherea	0.04
17	Balanced diet	0.03	Allergies or sensitivities	0.04
18	Living situation, who cooks	0.03	Forced to, only optiona	0.03
19	Longevity	0.03	Value for moneya	0.03
20	Cravings or taste fora	0.03	Time of yeara	0.03
	Fast Foods
1	Taste or flavorab	0.34	Health or nutritionb	0.45
2	Availability and convenienceab	0.25	Cost or financescb	0.28
3	Time constraintsab	0.25	Weight concernb	0.27
4	Cravings or taste forab	0.21	Fat or grease contenta	0.11
5	Preparation or serving easeb	0.17	Availability and conveniencea	0.09
6	No energy or desire to cookb	0.14	Cholesterol	0.08
7	Cost or financescb	0.14	Having cooked already	0.08
8	Preferences or likesab	0.09	Sugar contenta	0.08
9	Being everywhereb	0.08	Cravings or taste fora	0.07
10	Treat self, cheat on diet	0.06	Salt or sodium	0.06
11	Weekend or day of weeka	0.06	Discipline	0.04
12	Away from home	0.05	Skin health, acne	0.04
13	Time of day	0.05	Essentiality or necessity	0.03
14	Upbringing, how raised	0.05	Full already, other food eaten	0.03
15	Preparation knowledge	0.04	Have at home or on hand	0.03
16	Satisfying quality	0.04	Heartburn, upset stomach	0.03
17	Fat or grease contenta	0.04	High blood pressure	0.03
18	Hunger, appetitea	0.04	No reason	0.03
19	Filling or satiating	0.03	Same old stuff, tired of it	0.03
20	Value for money	0.03	Sickness	0.03

Note. Smith S is a measure of the item's saliency or importance. Total items per list are as follows: for fruits, 38 promoters and 39 barriers; for vegetables, 43 promoters and 36 barriers; for fast food, 39 promoters and 52 barriers. Mean items per list are as follows: for fruits, 4.2 promoters and 2.8 barriers; for vegetables, 4.1 promoters and 3.0 barriers; for fast food, 4.3 promoters and 3.9 barriers. Complete lists of freelisted promoters and barriers to consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fast foods are available in the appendix tables (available as a supplement to the online version of this article at http://www.ajph.org).

^aListed as both a promoter and a barrier (21 items [promoters or barriers] for fruits, 21 items for vegetables, 17 items for fast foods).

^bIndicates most salient promoters or barriers.

^cSalient as both a promoter and a barrier (1 item each for fruits, vegetables, and fast food).