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. 2010 Feb 18;11:21. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-21

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Copyright ©2010 Sadasivan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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NMDA-induced autophagosome formation is inhibited by 3-MA. Representative fluorescence micrographs show an increase in Monodansylcadaverine (MDC; 0.05 mM) labeling of autophagosomes in neurons increase following acute exposure to NMDA (200 μM) compared to control conditions and co-treatment of NMDA+3-MA. Yellow arrows and yellow arrow heads indicate the presence of regularly sized autophagosomes in the cell bodies and neurites respectively in 12 and 16 hours after NMDA exposure. The red arrows in the image at 16 hours are indicative of the accumulation of the unusually large MDC-positive autophagosomes in the cell bodies of neurons following prolonged NMDA exposure. Images are taken at 400× magnification. Scale bar represents 20 μm.