Table 1.

List of behavior categories, individual behaviors, and definitions

Category	Behavior	Definition
Abnormal	Flip	Complete backward revolution of the body, end over end, at least three consecutive times
	Floating Limb	Apparently random, functionless movement of a limb that appears to be independent of both the animal’s attention and control
	Hair Eat	Ingestion of hair obtained from either self or cage surface
	Hair Pull	Removing hair from body in tufts or individual strands with hands or teeth
	Head Toss	Rapid jerk of the head at the neck in a semi circle motion
	Mouth Movements	Repetitive mouth activity unrelated to eating, drinking, or any other apparently functional purpose
	Pace	Repetitive walking in a fixed route within the cage for three or more consecutive repetitions
	Poke Eye	Pressing finger(s) over eye for no apparent functional purpose.
	Regurgitation	Reflux of partially digested food back from the stomach into the mouth and/or cheek pouches
	Rock	Front to back or lateral swaying of the torso at least three consecutive times
	Self-Bite	Forceful closing of the mouth and contact with the teeth on a body part
	Swing	Hanging from any point in the cage using any combination of feet and hands, and swaying back and forth repeatedly for at least three consecutive times
	Other Abnormal	Any other behavior not deemed normal but does not fit the description of the above abnormal behaviors
Appetitive	Eating	Physically putting food into the mouth or chewing food
	Drinking	Placement of the mouth to and activation of the water dispenser
Self-Directed	Self-Directed	Oral or manual manipulation of the hair coat or body parts
	Masturbate	Any manual manipulation or self stimulation of the genitals excluding grooming or scratching
Manipulative	Cage-Directed	Any interaction with the cage including manipulating cage parts (e.g. locks or latches) or grabbing bars
	Tactile/Oral Explore	Oral or manual manipulation of objects excluding cage and enrichment items
	Enrichment Directed	Oral or manual manipulation of any enrichment device in or on the cage
Active	Active	Any normal locomotion requiring two or more steps to be taken, as well as any change in total body posture including sitting to standing or standing to sitting.
	Affiliative	Any behavior directed toward the observer or another animal in the bay indicating sociability (e.g. lipsmack)
	Aggressive	Any behavior directed toward the observer or another animal in the bay intended to threaten or intimidate (e.g. threat, cage shake)
	Submissive	Any behavior directed toward the observer or another animal in the bay indicating deference (e.g. rump present, fear grimace)
Rest	Rest	Inactivity lasting longer than two seconds
	Yawn	Opening mouth wide in a non-threatening way