Table 1.

The Model-Implied Covariance Matrix and Mean Vector for the LCM Shown in Figures 4a and 4b

	Time 1	Time 2	Time 3
The Unconditional LCM: Figure 4a
Time 1	ψ̂11 +ψ̂22
Time 2	ψ̂11	ψ̂11 + ψ̂33
Time 3	ψ̂11	ψ̂11	ψ̂11 + θ̂ε33
Mean	α̂0 + α̂1	α̂0 + α̂2	α̂0
The Unconditional LCM: Figure 4b
Time 1	ψ̂11 + θ̂ε11
Time 2	ψ̂11	ψ̂11 + θ̂ε22
Time 3	ψ̂11	ψ̂11	ψ̂11+ θε33
Mean	α̂0 + α̂1	α̂0 + α̂2	α̂0
The Multilevel Linear Model: The Heterogeneous Level-1 Variance Model: Figure 4b
Time 1	${\widehat{\mathbf{\tau }}}_{\mathbf{00}}+{\widehat{\mathbf{\sigma }}}_{\mathbf{1}}^{\mathbf{2}}$
Time 2	τ̂00	${\widehat{\mathbf{\tau }}}_{\mathbf{00}}+{\widehat{\mathbf{\sigma }}}_{\mathbf{2}}^{\mathbf{2}}$
Time 3	τ̂00	τ̂00	${\widehat{\mathbf{\tau }}}_{\mathbf{00}}+{\widehat{\mathbf{\sigma }}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{2}}$
Mean	β̂0 + β̂1	β̂0 + β̂2	β̂0

Note. The observed variables were included in the model in chronological order while latent variables were included in the order of intercept (ψ̂₁₁), change 1 (ψ̂₂₂), and change 2 (ψ̂₃₃) in LCMs (see also Appendix). Of the ψ̂₂₂, ψ̂₃₃, θ̂_ε11, and θ̂_ε22 in the top covariance matrix, Figure 4a parameterizes θ̂_ε11 and θ̂_ε22 to be zero while Figure 4b parameterizes ψ̂₂₂ and ψ̂₃₃ to be zero.