Table 1.
Known and some putative m5C-MTRs and their RNA substrates
| Enzyme family | Enzyme name | Other names | Organism | Life domain | Accession | Identification type | RNA substrate | Modified position(s) | X-ray structure | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RsmB family | ||||||||||
| RsmB/Nol1 | RsmB | Fmu/Fmv | Escherichia coli | B | AP_004502 | Biochemical | 16S rRNA | 967 | 1SQF, 1SQG | (68,70) |
| RsmB/Nol1 | P120 | NSUN1 | Homo sapiens | E | P46087 | NO | Unknown | NA | (92) | |
| RsmB/Nol1 | Nop2 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | YNL061W | NO | Unknown | NA | (87) | ||
| RsmF/YebU family | ||||||||||
| YebU | Haloferax volcanii | A | HVO_1594 | Bioinformatics | tRNA | 39/40/48/49 | (75) | |||
| YebU | Pyrococcus abyssi | A | PAB1947 | Biochemical | tRNA | Multiple (mostly 49) | (79) | |||
| YebU | aTrm4 | Pyrococcus horikoshi | A | PH1374 | Bioinformatics | Unknown | NA | 1IXK | (78) | |
| YebU | RsmF | YebU | Escherichia coli | B | P76273 | Biochemical | 16S rRNA | 1407 | 2FRX | (71,72) |
| YebU | hTrm4 | NSUN2/Misu | Homo sapiens | E | NM_017755 | Biochemical | pre-tRNALeu | 34 | (86) | |
| YebU | FLJ22609 | NSUN3 | Homo sapiens | E | Q9H649 | NO | Unknown | NA | (65) | |
| YebU | MGC22920 | NSUN4 | Homo sapiens | E | Q96CB9 | NO | Unknown | NA | (65) | |
| YebU | Trm4 | Ncl1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | YBL024W | Biochemical | tRNA and pre-tRNA | 48/49 tRNA 34/40 pre-tRNA | (80,81) | |
| Dnmt2 family | ||||||||||
| DNMT2 | Dnmt2 | Drosophila melanogaster | E | Q9U6H7 | Biochemical | tRNA | 38 | (102,107) | ||
| Dnmt2 | trdmt1 | Drosophila rerio | E | Q588C1 | Biochemical | tRNA | 38? | (122) | ||
| DNMT2 | Dnmt2 | Homo sapiens | E | O14717 | Biochemical | tRNA | 38 | 1G55 | (100,102) | |
| DNMT2 | Dnmt2 | Mus musculus | E | O55055 | Bioinformatics | |||||
| DNMT3 | pmt1 | pmt1 | Saccharomyces pombe | E | P40999 | Bioinformatics | ||||
| RlmI family | ||||||||||
| COG1092 | RlmI | YccW | Escherichia coli | B | P75876 | Biochemical | 23S rRNA | 1962 | 3C0K | (73,74) |
| Ynl022 family | ||||||||||
| Ynl022c | WBSCR20A | NSUN5A | Homo sapiens | E | Q96P11 | NO | Unknown | NA | 2B9E | |
| Ynl022c | WBSCR20B | NSUN5B | Homo sapiens | E | Q3KNT7 | NO | Unknown | NA | ||
| Ynl022c | WBSCR20C | NSUN5C | Homo sapiens | E | Q63ZY6 | NO | Unknown | NA | ||
| Ynl022c | WBSCR22 | Homo sapiens | E | O43709 | NO | Unknown | NA | |||
| Ynl022c | NSUN7 | Homo sapiens | E | Q8NE18 | NO | Unknown | NA | |||
| Ynl022c | Ynl022c | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | YNL022C | NO | Unknown | NA | |||
| NSUN6 family | ||||||||||
| NSUN6 | NSUN6 | Homo sapiens | E | Q8TEA1 | NO | Unknown | NA |
Abbreviations: A: archaea; B: bacteria; E eukaryota; NA not analyzed.